Approval of Wolves in Scandinavia: A Comparison Between Norway and Sweden

Krange, Olve; Sandström, Camilla; Tangeland, Torvald; Ericsson, Göran

doi:10.1080/08941920.2017.1315652

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…they suggested a letter from Brigitte Bardot to the President of Poland was a crucial cause of wolf conservation. Finally, the opposition to the new rules might have been limited by the lack of direct coexistence with the wolf among the large section of the hunting community and local communities due to very limited range of the species at that time [4,99].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the literature points to social conflicts between groups with different interests and values towards wolves and other carnivores, especially in countries where the species has moved in relatively recently [4]. The key conflicts concern the depredation of wolves on livestock, their impact on game animals and hunting dogs (especially in northern Europe), and safety among some rural populations [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

Niedziałkowski¹,

Putkowska-Smoter²

2020

PLoS ONE

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Poland was one of the first countries of Central and Eastern Europe with stable wolf populations to effectively introduce year-round protection of the species. This paper traces the process of policy change using institutional theory as an organizational perspective. Based on the analysis of data from desk research and semi-structured interviews, we propose a model of institutional change and argue that in the 1990s, environmental activists and wildlife biologists successfully used a political window of opportunity connected with socioeconomic transformation after 1989 and managed to induce the government to move the species from the domain of hunting to the domain of nature conservation. The new policy, informed by an ecological paradigm, diverged from the historical path dominated by hunters and the vision of the wolf as a pest and a hunting target. The improved protection led to the numerical growth of Poland's wolves and ultimately to their westward expansion.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

Niedziałkowski¹,

Putkowska-Smoter²

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Finally, there are many studies of people’s attitude towards carnivores (Dressel et al 2014; Krange et al 2017). There are, however, few studies of the wider social and economic consequences of zonal carnivore management systems on local communities and people’s economy and welfare.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway

Strand

Hansen

Boon

et al. 2019

Environmental Management

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We investigated the impact of Norway’s current zonal carnivore management system for four large carnivore species on sheep farming. Sheep losses increased when the large carnivores were reintroduced, but has declined again after the introduction of the zoning management system. The total number of sheep increased outside, but declined slightly inside the management zones. The total sheep production increased, but sheep farming was still lost as a source of income for many farmers. The use of the grazing resources became more extensive. Losses decreased because sheep were removed from the open outfield pastures and many farmers gave up sheep farming. While wolves expel sheep farming from the outfield grazing areas, small herds can still be kept in fenced enclosures. Bears are in every respect incompatible with sheep farming. Farmers adjust to the seasonal and more predictable behavior of lynx and wolverine, although these species also may cause serious losses when present. The mitigating efforts are costly and lead to reduced animal welfare and lower income for the farmers, although farmers in peri-urban areas increasingly are keeping sheep as an avocation. There is a spillover effect of the zoning strategy in the sense that there is substantial loss of livestock to carnivores outside, but geographically near the management zones. The carnivore management policy used in Norway is a reasonably successful management strategy when the goal is to separate livestock from carnivores and decrease the losses, but the burdens are unequally distributed and farmers inside the management zones are at an economic disadvantage.

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“…This is certainly the case in Scandinavia. Public acceptance for large carnivore reintroduction is generally high, even if approval rates are considerably higher in urban centers, whose inhabitants do not come into direct contact with the species (Eriksson, 2016a;Krange et al, 2017;Masius & Sprenger, 2015). Recent research however shows that even staunch skeptics of such policy, typically livestock farmers and hunters who stand to lose livelihoods and lifestyles in such reintroductions, offer fairly high 'in principle' support for large carnivores (Von Essen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Not the Wolf Itself’: Distinguishing Hunters’ Criticisms of Wolves from Procedures for Making Wolf Management Decisions

Essen

Allen

2020

Ethics, Policy & Environment

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Swedish hunters sometimes appeal to an inviolate 'right to exist' for wolves, apparently rejecting NIMBY. Nevertheless, the conditions existence hunters impose on wolves in practice fundamentally contradict their use of right to exist language. Hunters appeal to this language hoping to gain uptake in a conservation and management discourse demanding appropriately objective ecological language. However, their contradictory use of 'right to exist' opens them up to the charge that they are being deceptiveindeed, right to exist is a 'disguised NIMBY!' We address this situation by distinguishing hunters' criticisms of wolves from the procedures for reaching objective policy decisions.

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Approval of Wolves in Scandinavia: A Comparison Between Norway and Sweden

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance

Carnivore Management Zones and their Impact on Sheep Farming in Norway

‘Not the Wolf Itself’: Distinguishing Hunters’ Criticisms of Wolves from Procedures for Making Wolf Management Decisions

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