Appropriate use of transdermal drug delivery systems

Hughes, Peter J.; Freeman, Maisha Kelly; Wensel, Terri M.

doi:10.5430/jnep.v3n10p129

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1. This drug-polymer matrix is placed onto an impermeable backing layer either by solvent casting or by melting the adhesive polymeric materials (29). A number of commercial products of this type of transdermal patch are available on the market; for example, the Climara ® transdermal patch contains 100 micrograms of estradiol for one-day application, and the NicoDerm ® CQ transdermal patch contains nicotine to encourage smoking cessation for up to 10 weeks (Table I).…”

Section: Matrix System: Drug-in-adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

et al. 2019

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Use of transdermal patches can evade many issues associated with oral drug delivery, such as first-pass hepatic metabolism, enzymatic digestion attack, drug hydrolysis and degradation in acidic media, drug fluctuations, and gastrointestinal irritation. This article reviews various transdermal patches available in the market, types, structural components, polymer role, and the required assessment tools. Although transdermal patches have medical applications for smoking cessation, pain relief, osteoporosis, contraception, motion sickness, angina pectoris, and cardiac disorders, advances in formulation development are ongoing to make transdermal patches capable of delivering more challenging drugs. Transdermal patches can be tailored and developed according to the physicochemical properties of active and inactive components, and applicability for long-term use. Therefore, a number of chemical approaches and physical techniques for transdermal patch development are under investigation.

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Section: Matrix System: Drug-in-adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

et al. 2019

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“…10,11 Delivery of drugs by patch systems can avoid first-pass metabolism and may help minimize GI side effects. [12][13][14][15] Patients generally find that patch systems are convenient to use and thus have the potential to improve compliance over timed or scheduled dosing. 14,15 Patch systems are also suitable for use by patients who are unable to ingest or tolerate oral formulations.…”

Section: Advantages Of Patch Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15] Patients generally find that patch systems are convenient to use and thus have the potential to improve compliance over timed or scheduled dosing. 14,15 Patch systems are also suitable for use by patients who are unable to ingest or tolerate oral formulations. Although medicated creams and ointments are available, they are often malodorous, messy to handle and may be cosmetically non-appealing.…”

Section: Advantages Of Patch Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two patch configuration designs have typically been used when formulating analgesic patches: a reservoir system and a drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patch system (also called "matrix" design). [15][16][17] The basic design of these patch systems is illustrated in Figure 1. The reservoir system has 4 basic components, a backing layer, the drug reservoir, a rate-controlling membrane, and a drug-in-adhesive layer.…”

Section: Analgesic Patch Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These can include avoidance of first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal (GI) issues, limited systemic exposure and others. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Different technologies and ingredients are utilized to optimize patch delivery systems. The design of the patch system and its physical characteristics, active pharmaceutical drug, excipients, penetration enhancers and adhesives help determine the ultimate delivery of the analgesic drug to its targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Characteristics of Analgesic Patch Formulations</p>

Nalamachu¹,

Gudin²

2020

JPR

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Topical and transdermal formulations are a common means of pharmaceutical drug delivery. If a drug is able to penetrate transcutaneously, the skin is an ideal site for the delivery of medications for both local (topical) and systemic (transdermal) effects. The administration of analgesics through the skin poses several potential advantages to those administered orally including compliance, the ability to deliver a drug to a peripheral target site and more stable and sustained plasma levels. One method of drug delivery is with the use of patch formulations-also known as patch systems. Typically, transdermal patches deliver medications intended to reach the systemic circulation, whereas topical patches are designed to keep medication localized for targeted delivery in proximity to the application site. There are a variety of technologies and materials utilized in patches, as well as penetration and formulation enhancers that ultimately affect the performance, efficacy and safety of the patch system. The degree of adherence to the skin is also of critical importance in drug delivery. Patches that lift up or fall off before the prescribed time period may represent a therapeutic failure and must be replaced, increasing patch utilization and cost to the healthcare system or to the patient. The added risk from accidental exposure makes poor patch adhesion a safety issue as well. A variety of analgesics are currently available as patch formulations including local anesthetics, capsaicin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. This review will highlight each of those patch delivery systems and introduce newer patch technologies that lend towards improved adhesion and compliance. Understanding the designs, limitations and benefits of patch systems will allow clinicians to select between these therapies when appropriate for their patients.

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Post-marketing withdrawal of analgesic medications because of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review

Onakpoya

Heneghan

Aronson

2017

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

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Many analgesics have been withdrawn from the market because of adverse drug reactions. Controversy still surrounds the use of some approved analgesics for pain management. However, the trends and reasons for withdrawal of analgesics when harms are attributed to their use have not been systematically assessed. Areas covered: We conducted searches in PubMed; Embase; Google Scholar; clinicaltrials.gov; WHO databases of withdrawn products; websites of the European Medicines Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency; Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs; Stephens' Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions; the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia; and the Merck Index. We included licensed analgesics that were withdrawn after marketing because of adverse reactions between 1950 and March 2017. We excluded herbal products, non-human medicines, and non-prescription medicines. We used the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine criteria to document the levels of evidence, and chi-squared tests to compare withdrawal patterns across geographical regions. Expert opinion: Pharmacovigilance systems in low-resource settings should be strengthened. Greater co-ordination across regulatory authorities in assessing and interpreting the benefit-harm balance of new analgesics should be encouraged. Future reporting of harms in clinical trials of analgesics should follow standardized guidelines.

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Appropriate use of transdermal drug delivery systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery

<p>Characteristics of Analgesic Patch Formulations</p>

Post-marketing withdrawal of analgesic medications because of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review

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