Approaches to Integrated Pest Management in Orchards: Comstockaspis perniciosa (Comstock) Case Study

Abstract

Insect pests have major effects on agricultural production and food supply. Pest control in conventional crop management in orchards is mainly based on agrochemicals, which entails economic, health and environmental costs. Other approaches, such as biological methods or products based on biologically active substances and sex pheromones used for mating disruption, have faced some implementation challenges, particularly in relation to invasive insect species. The key for appropriate insect pest management is to identify the species and understand its biology and behaviour. Pest management systems should monitor, detect and inform fruit growers about changes in insect distribution, population ecology, possible damage level and economic loses. Comstockaspis perniciosa (San José scale—SJS) is a model example of a pest against which the method of integrated pest management should be adopted. This review presents a case study to support this statement.

Analysis of an Integrated Pest Management Model with Impulsive Diffusion between Two Regions

“…The measures taken by integrated pest management mainly include tools of chemical control, biological control, cultural control, mechanical or physical control, genetic control, etc. In recent years, the models of integrated pest management have been extensively and deeply studied by many scholars [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”