Approaches applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and perspectives post-COVID-19

Cervantes-Avilés, Pabel; Moreno‐Andrade, Iván; Carrillo‐Reyes, Julián

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101947

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the implementation of wastewater-based epidemiology will be indispensable for monitoring and managing public health surveillance during and after the COVID-19 pandemic ( Cervantes-Avilés et al, 2021 ). Additionally, this technique will use computational scrutiny and modelling to test the feasibility, cost-effectiveness and challenges linked with the quantification of the active cases of coronavirus infection in communities as well as global regions ( Hart and Halden, 2020 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Rna Detection Methods In Wastewater and Wastewater-based Epidemiology (Wbe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extra focus needs to be laid upon additional research on the elimination of SARS-CoV-2 in membrane technology with special reference to the MBR system of treatment. Adherence to the disinfection process in WWTPs is the key to the successful inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater ( Cervantes-Avilés et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the virus of the size of 0.01–0.1 μm ( Lesimple et al, 2020 ), the membrane required for RO should be capable of removing this virus. The usage of these membranes is potential for this virus before considering microfiltration and membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology ( Lesimple et al, 2020 ), as the membrane technology of virus removal from water has been employed for a long time ( Cervantes-Avilés et al, 2021 ). In the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis process, the characteristics of the membranes were efficacious in separating viruses targeted retentates ( Baker, 2012 ; Saleh and Gupta, 2016 ).…”

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sewage is contaminated by the presence of SARS–CoV–2 RNA, which has been excreted by the human body through saliva, sputum and faeces ( Lahrich et al, 2021 ). SARS-CoV-2 is incessant in human bodies and may prevail in body fluids, including urine ( Kujawski et al, 2020 ; Lo et al, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2020 ) and faecal samples ( Amirian, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Kujawski et al, 2020 ; Ling et al, 2020 ; Park et al, 2020 ; Tang et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020a ) that are passed out of the body through their excretion into the wastewater ( Cervantes-Avilés et al, 2021 ). Previously conducted research reported the presence of SARS–CoV–2 in the faeces, along with gastrointestinal symptoms in 17.1% of patients infected by COVID-19 (95% CI, 6.9–36.7) ( Cheung et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the viral RNA has been found in the faeces of almost 15–83% SARS–CoV–2 infected patients ( Foladori et al, 2020 ). A recent study established the high prevalence of SARS–CoV–2 RNA in faeces rather than urine ( Cervantes-Avilés et al, 2021 ; Collivignarelli et al, 2020 ). Subsequent to the excretion of the virus from the faeces, it is initially diluted in toilet water, post which it mixes with wastewater and then enters WWTP, along with the greywater released from showers and washing machines ( Foladori et al, 2020 ; Larsen and Wigginton, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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The entire globe is affected by the novel disease of coronavirus 2019 (COVID–19 or 2019–nCoV), which is formally recognised as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV–2). The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced this disease as a global pandemic. The presence of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in unprocessed wastewater has become a cause of worry due to these emerging pathogens in the process of wastewater treatment, as reported in the present study. This analysis intends to interpret the destiny, environmental factors and route of transmission of SARS–CoV–2, along with its eradication by treating the wastewater for controlling and preventing its further spread. Different recovery estimations of the virus have been depicted by the detection of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in wastewater through the viral concentration techniques. Most frequently used viral concentration techniques include polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration, electronegative membrane, and ultracentrifugation, after which the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV–2 RNA are done in wastewater samples through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds the key responsibility of eliminating pathogens prior to the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies. The removal of SARS–CoV–2 RNA at the treatment stage is dependent on the operations of wastewater treatment systems during the outbreak of the virus; particularly, in the urban and extensively populated regions. Efficient primary, secondary and tertiary methods of wastewater treatment and disinfection can reduce or inactivate SARS–CoV–2 RNA before being drained out. Nonetheless, further studies regarding COVID-19-related disinfectants, environment conditions and viral concentrations in each treatment procedure, implications on the environment and regular monitoring of transmission need to be done urgently. Hence, monitoring the SARS–CoV–2 RNA in samples of wastewater under the procedure of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) supplement the real-time data pertaining to the investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the community, regional and national levels.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Rna Detection Methods In Wastewater and Wastewater-based Epidemiology (Wbe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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Review and Meta‐Analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 and Enveloped Virus Detection in Feces and Wastewater

Twigg

Wenk

2022

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Detection and quantification of viruses supplies key information on their spread and allows risk assessment for public health. In wastewater, existing detection methods have been focusing on non‐enveloped enteric viruses due to enveloped virus transmission, such as coronaviruses, by the fecal‐oral route being less likely. Since the beginning of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, interest and importance of enveloped virus detection in wastewater has increased. Here, quantitative studies on SARS‐CoV‐2 occurrence in feces and raw wastewater and other enveloped viruses via quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) during the early stage of the pandemic until April 2021 are reviewed, including statistical evaluation of the positive detection rate and efficiency throughout the detection process involving concentration, extraction, and amplification stages. Optimized and aligned sampling protocols and concentration methods for enveloped viruses, along with SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogates, in wastewater environments may improve low and variable recovery rates providing increased detection efficiency and comparable data on viral load measured across different studies.

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Cold atmospheric plasma can effectively disinfect SARS‐CoV‐2 in the wastewater

Qin,

Qiu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Exploration

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COVID‐19 is currently pandemic and the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in wastewater is causing widespread concern. Herein, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is proposed as a novel wastewater disinfection technology that effectively inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2 transcription‐ and replication‐competent virus‐like particles, coronavirus GX_P2V, pseudotyped SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in a large volume of water within 180 s (inhibition rate > 99%). Further, CAP disinfection did not adversely affect the viability of various human cell lines. It is identified that CAP produced peroxynitrite (ONOO−), ozone (O3), superoxide anion radicals (O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the major active substances for coronavirus disinfection. Investigation of the mechanism showed that active substances not only reacted with the coronavirus spike protein and affected its infectivity, but also destroyed the nucleocapsid protein and genome, thus affecting virus replication. This method provides an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for the elimination of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses from wastewater.

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Approaches applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and perspectives post-COVID-19

Cited by 48 publications

References 82 publications

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Review and Meta‐Analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 and Enveloped Virus Detection in Feces and Wastewater

Cold atmospheric plasma can effectively disinfect SARS‐CoV‐2 in the wastewater

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