Approaches and methods used for measuring organizational performance in national sport governing bodies from 1986 to 2014. A systematized review

Abstract

In a changing environment, new challenges and demands facing management in sports associations and sports politics are emerging, including the question of how to measure/assess the organizational performance (OP) in national sport governing bodies (NSGB). The characterization of NSGB shows that they are not to be understood as rational systems, but rather as natural and open ones. An examination of existing approaches for measuring OP in private non-profit organizations, which have the central characteristics of NSGB, reveals several problems/deviations, with regard to how organizations are (and should be) understood and analyzed. Based on a systematic review, the paper presents the theoretical approaches and the methods used for measuring OP in NSGB. 20 studies could be identified, and in the vast majority of them, a multi-dimensional approach is applied. The strategic constituencies approach is the one most often used, but interestingly, further analysis shows that most assessments are carried out only by internal stakeholders. The identification of the fact that, in most cases, (internal) individuals assess the variables at organizational/macro level, underlines the need to pay more attention to potential measurement bias. Giving greater consideration to the micro level is not only required in the attempt to detect potential bias, but also due to the necessity of considering agents’ discretionary decision, thereby enabling NSGB to be considered as open and natural systems. Therefore, approaches that can consider both levels (e.g., multi-level modelling) seem to be promising, not only in providing more reliable results, but also in enhancing our understanding of OP, and thus also how to manage it. A further important development is the consideration of the (public) value that organizations contribute to society within the concept of OP.

The Peculiarities of the Body’s External Structure and Indicators of Central Hemodynamics of Volleyball Players of Different Positions

“…Scientific research confirms that for professional sports selection it is necessary to take into account the morphofunctional peculiarities of athletes' body [1,2,3]. In many cases, the limiting factor for the achievement of high sports results is the discrepancy between personal anthropo-somatotypological parameters and need of a particular sport [4,5].…”

A Machine Learning Approach to “Revisit” Specialization and Sampling in Institutionalized Practice

“…Apart from this broad consensus statement, the nature and scope of activities and developmental participation that lead to extraordinary success in sports have been controversially discussed in international literature for many years (Côté, Baker, & Abernethy, 2007;Güllich, 2017;Sieghartsleitner, Zuber, Zibung, & Conzelmann, 2018). Given the increasing number of international competitions with growing governmental involvement (Heinilä, 1982;Houlihan & Green, 2008) and the belief that senior sports success is producible (De Bosscher & De Rycke, 2017;De Bosscher, Shibli, Westerbeek, & Van Bottenburg, 2015), there is a clear need for more detailed research on the career of athletes achieving international success from different theoretical perspectives (Barth, Emrich, & Daumann, 2018;Barth, Güllich, & Emrich, 2018;Güllich & Emrich, 2014).…”

“…Apart from this broad consensus statement, the nature and scope of activities and developmental participation that lead to extraordinary success in sports have been controversially discussed in international literature for many years (Côté, Baker, & Abernethy, 2007;Güllich, 2017;Sieghartsleitner, Zuber, Zibung, & Conzelmann, 2018). Given the increasing number of international competitions with growing governmental involvement (Heinilä, 1982;Houlihan & Green, 2008) and the belief that senior sports success is producible (De Bosscher & De Rycke, 2017;De Bosscher, Shibli, Westerbeek, & Van Bottenburg, 2015), there is a clear need for more detailed research on the career of athletes achieving international success from different theoretical perspectives (Barth, Emrich, & Daumann, 2018;Barth, Güllich, & Emrich, 2018;Güllich & Emrich, 2014). This article contributes to the existing body of literature in two respects: first, by reviewing the existing literature on developmental activities-that is, the volume of domainspecific structured practice (institutionalized practice in organized settings such as sports clubs, extracurricular highschool sports, or sport academies in the main sport of the athlete; hereinafter: main-sport practice) as well as outside domain-specific structured practice (institutionalized practice in other sports; hereinafter: other-sports practice) and, additionally, the age at the beginning of main-sport practice-of athletes achieving at least once international success (hereinafter: international-level athletes) and (internationally) less successful senior athletes (hereinafter: nationallevel athletes), laying special focus on the statistical methods applied in the empirical studies.…”

Relationships of heart rate variability parameters with indicators of external body structure in highly qualified juvenile mesomorph volleyball players

“…Almost every country has more than one volleyball team, which is constantly trying to reach the championship of the world's leading teams [1,6,7]. Coaches of volleyball teams make a titanic effort every day to achieve prizes and are forced to develop and improve the training regime of their teams [2,14,15,16,17]. It is the use of modern electrophysiological examinations of every volleyball athlete in combination with his constitutional features that may be the secret to success.…”