Approach for Systematic Rockslide Mapping of Unstable Rock Slopes in Norway

Hermanns, Reginald L.; Oppikofer, Thierry; Molina, F. X. Yugsi; Dehls, John; Böhme, Martina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_21

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Failure events characterized by the transition from "slow to fast" are extremely destructive (Crosta et al 2007). Despite a number of landslide inventories (Crosta et al 2013;Agliardi et al 2013) have been produced, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the factors and conditions leading to such transition (Hermanns et al 2014). Analysis of the indicators of the presence of the failure surface, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraglacial rock-slope deformations: sudden or delayed response? Insights from an integrated numerical modelling approach

2020

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Glacial and paraglacial processes have a major influence on rock slope stability in alpine environments. Slope deglaciation causes debuttressing, stress and hydro-mechanical perturbations that promote progressive slope failure and the development of slow rock slope deformation possibly evolving until catastrophic failure. Paraglacial rock slope failures can develop soon after or thousands of years after deglaciation, and can creep slowly accelerating until catastrophic failure or nucleate sudden rockslides. The roles of topography, rock properties and deglaciation processes in promoting the different styles of paraglacial rock slope failure are still elusive. Nevertheless, their comprehensive understanding is crucial to manage future geohazards in modern paraglacial settings affected by ongoing climate change. We simulate the different modes and timing of paraglacial slope failures in an integrated numerical modelling approach that couples realistic deglaciation histories derived by modelling of ice dynamics to 2D time-dependent simulations of progressive failure processes. We performed a parametric study to assess the effects of initial ice thickness, deglaciation rate, rock-slope strength and valley shape on the mechanisms and timing of slope response to deglaciation. Our results allow constraining the range of conditions in which rapid failures or delayed slow deformations occur, which we compare to natural Alpine case studies. The melting of thicker glaciers is linked to shallower rockslides daylighting at higher elevation, with a shorter response time. More pronounced glacial morphologies influences slope lifecycle and favour the development of shallower, suspended rockslides. Weaker slopes and faster deglaciations produce to faster slope responses. In a risk-reduction perspective, we expect rockslide differentiation in valleys showing a strong glacial imprint, buried below thick ice sheets during glaciation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraglacial rock-slope deformations: sudden or delayed response? Insights from an integrated numerical modelling approach

2020

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“…Examples of instrumentation used for the early warning and slope characterization are reported in several publications (e.g. [102][103][104]). The localization of the unstable slopes makes use of extensive and continuous remote sensing techniques and is connected to a rudimentary (semiquantitative) hazard analysis method based on the slope motion [105].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

et al. 2021

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Destructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.

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Innovative methods to monitor rock and mountain slope deformation

Hormes

Adams

Amabile

et al. 2020

Geomechanics and Tunnelling

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Displacement rates of mountain slope deformations that can affect entire valley mountain flanks are often measured spatially distributed in‐situ without spatial significance. The spatially explicit measurement and recording of time series of slope deformations is a challenge, as the unstable slopes are often disintegrated into several subdomains, which move with different deformation rates. The current state‐of‐the‐art monitoring systems detect slow to very slow deformation rates between mm/a and several m/a. Using the examples of slope deformations in Saalbach‐Hinterglemm and the deep rock slide Marzellkamm in Austria this paper presents the results of terrestrial laser scans, extensometer measurements, Spaceborne InSAR data, unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry (UAS‐P), and fixed‐point measurements. The different measurements complement each other and are optimally aligned for different application areas. InSAR data can help to identify hot spots on regional and local scale, while UAS‐P enables for spatially high level accuracy in the detection of subdomains moving at different speeds. For local warning systems TLS, extensometers and GBInSAR deliver higher accuracy.

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Approach for Systematic Rockslide Mapping of Unstable Rock Slopes in Norway

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Paraglacial rock-slope deformations: sudden or delayed response? Insights from an integrated numerical modelling approach

Paraglacial rock-slope deformations: sudden or delayed response? Insights from an integrated numerical modelling approach

Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy

Innovative methods to monitor rock and mountain slope deformation

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