2019
DOI: 10.3390/jof5030072
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Appressorium: The Breakthrough in Dikarya

Abstract: Phytopathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi often penetrate living hosts by using appressoria and related structures. The differentiation of similar structures in saprotrophic fungi to penetrate dead plant biomass has seldom been investigated and has been reported only in the model fungus Podospora anserina. Here, we report on the ability of many saprotrophs from a large range of taxa to produce appressoria on cellophane. Most Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were able to form appressoria. In contrast, none of the three… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…At the present time, a complete picture of how any fungus degrades plant biomass is not available because of the complexity of the degradative process that calls for dozens of enzymes [ 1 , 67 , 68 ], the necessity for the fungus to resist lignin degradation products and other chemicals present in plant biomasses (e.g., extractives), which also likely involves numerous enzymatic systems [ 4 , 14 ] and the contribution of appressorium-like differentiation in the breaching of the plant cell walls [ 13 ]. Deciphering this process would be greatly facilitated by using a species that is able to degrade lignin and is easy to manipulate in the lab, especially with an efficient genetic analysis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…At the present time, a complete picture of how any fungus degrades plant biomass is not available because of the complexity of the degradative process that calls for dozens of enzymes [ 1 , 67 , 68 ], the necessity for the fungus to resist lignin degradation products and other chemicals present in plant biomasses (e.g., extractives), which also likely involves numerous enzymatic systems [ 4 , 14 ] and the contribution of appressorium-like differentiation in the breaching of the plant cell walls [ 13 ]. Deciphering this process would be greatly facilitated by using a species that is able to degrade lignin and is easy to manipulate in the lab, especially with an efficient genetic analysis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We confirm that it is able to degrade lignin. It also differentiates appressorium-like structures involved in biomass penetration [ 11 , 13 ]. Overall, this fungus presents a large array of mechanisms to efficiently breach and degrade lignocellulose.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A number of fungal pathogens penetrate host tissues, including medically relevant C. albicans [8,10,12] and A. fumigatus [9], and plant pathogens [47,48], including Colletotrichum sp. [49], Ustilago maydis [50], Magnaporthe sp.…”
Section: Cell Morphology Is Dependent Of Substrate Stiffnessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Appressoria have been recently described as a widespread structure in Dikarya saprotrophic filamentous fungi, enabling them to penetrate solid surfaces [ 115 ]. Nevertheless, it is in pathogenic fungi where appressoria are the main structure developed to achieve infection of plants or insects by the penetration of the host cuticle [ 116 , 117 ].…”
Section: Peroxisome and Mitochondrial Dynamics Are Required For Pamentioning
confidence: 99%