Apprenticeship, Vocational Training and Early Labor Market Outcomes - In East and West Germany

Riphahn, Regina T.; Zibrowius, Michael

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2580130

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Impact evaluations of apprenticeship-type programs in Argentina and Brazil show positive impacts (Corseuil et al, 2012; Berniell and de la Mata, 2016). across occupations and sectors (Clark and Fahr, 2001;Reed et al, 2012;Lerman, 2017;Quintini and Manfredi, 2009;Quintini, Martin, and Martin, 2007;Eichhorst, 2015;Riphahn and Zibrowius, 2015;Backes-Gellner et al, 2016;Rupietta and Backes-Gellner, 2015;Reed et al, 2012;Ryan, 2001;Ryan, 1998;Bonnal, Mendes, and Sofer, 2002;Rose, 2004;Halpern, 2009;Fazio, Fernández-Coto, and Ripani, 2016;Lerman, 2014;Muehlemann and Wolter, 2014). 31 …”

Section: Youth Training Programs: Help Getting Startedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Better: Public Policy for Skills Development

Busso¹,

Cristia²,

Hincapié³

et al. 2017

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and for any non-commercial purpose. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. Note that link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license.The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. Preface New technologies that are fusing the physical, digital, and biological worlds are impacting all industries, countries, and individuals. This so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution will change the way we live and transform the way we work. Preparing this and future generations of workers for a fast-changing world is not only desirable, it's essential. At the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) we know that a key ingredient to improve lives in Latin America and the Caribbean is having the right skills to face the challenges of this new era. For this reason, we dedicated the 2017 edition of our flagship publication, Development in the Americas (DIA), to studying this topic and to proposing evidence-based solutions to address this critical problem.Undoubtedly, our region will be heavily impacted by sweeping trends around the world. Artificial intelligence, automation, the Internet of Things, 3D printing, and autonomous vehicles are not science fiction anymore. They are real and available in many parts of the world and beginning to find their way to Latin America and the Caribbean. These new trends are changing our jobs and the way we work. The full impact of these changes is still unknown, but clearly there will be a fundamental transformation in the way businesses do their business and workers do their work.A phrase by Robin Chase (co-founder of Zipcar) is telling: "My father had one job in his lifetime, I will have six jobs in my lifetime, and my children will have six jobs at the same time." Not only will our work not be a 9-to-5 job, but we will also not have the same job for our entire life. The Fourth Industrial Revolution will impose continuous and fast changes that will imply new challenges.A central challenge is how to prepare the workers of today for the jobs of tomorrow. I am optimistic because one of the region's principal assets is its people's talent. But much must be done, starting with helping the many workers in the labor force today find good jobs, and stay updated on t...

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Section: Youth Training Programs: Help Getting Startedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Better: Public Policy for Skills Development

Busso¹,

Cristia²,

Hincapié³

et al. 2017

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“…Among the four institutions, three (licensure, educational credentialing, and unionization) have been shown to have a positive association with occupational wages in the United States (Weeden, 2002), 1 and the fourth one, apprenticeship, figures prominently in recent empirical scholarship on the German labour market (e.g. Bol, 2014;Riphahn and Zibrowius, 2013). We do not mean to imply that these are the only means through which closure is secured, merely that if the closure argument has any merit as an explanation for wage inequality, it should be revealed in patterns of association between these institutions and occupation wages.…”

Section: Closure In Comparative Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Closure and Wage Inequality in Germany and the United Kingdom

2014

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Rent-based accounts of inequality argue that institutionalized barriers to the access to labour market positions create artificial restrictions on the supply of labour and, in turn, generate wages for workers in protected positions in excess of the wages they would receive in a competitive labour market. In this article, we extend this argument to the comparative context, and elaborate a rent-based explanation of between-occupation wage inequality in Germany and the United Kingdom. We test it with new and unique data on four institutionalized sources of closure (educational credentialing, licensure, unionization, and apprenticeships), matched to newly constructed measures of occupational skills and to national labour force survey data. We show that in both countries, between-occupation wage inequality is substantial, and much of it can be traced to variations across occupations in closure and to the positive association between closure and wages. We also show that the prevalence and the payoff to each of the four closure institutions differ across the two countries: Specifically, vocational credentialing and unionization have a particularly high payoff in Germany, while tertiary credentialing and licensure have a particularly high payoff in the United Kingdom. These results have important implications for understanding between-occupation wage inequality and cross-national differences in aggregate levels of wage inequality.

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“…We add to this inconclusive literature by offering evidence for Germany, a country for which intergenerational transmission of unemployment has not been studied before. Germany is a particularly interesting case because on the one hand it is well known for its low youth unemployment (Riphahn and Zibrowius 2014) and on the other hand it features low intergenerational mobility and high intergenerational correlation of economic outcomes e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Transmission of Unemployment – Evidence for German Sons

Mäder

Müller

Riphahn

et al. 2015

Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik

Self Cite

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Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. Intergenerational transmission of unemployment -evidence for German sons Miriam Mäder Steffen MüllerRegina T. Riphahn Caroline SchwientekUniversity of Erlangen-Nuremberg 24 September, 2014 This paper studies the association between the unemployment experience of fathers and their sons. Based on German survey data that cover the last decades we find significant positive correlations. Using instrumental variables estimation and the Gottschalk (1996) method we investigate to what extent fathers' unemployment is causal for offsprings' employment outcomes. In agreement with most of the small international literature we do not find a positive causal effect for intergenerational unemployment transmission. This outcome is robust to alternative data structures and to tests at the intensive and extensive margin of unemployment. IntroductionUnemployment of young individuals is one of the most pressing labor market problems of our times. Recently, some of the crisis ridden European economies faced youth unemployment rates well beyond 20 percent which instigate not only poverty and a sense of desperation but also waves of emigration and delays in family formation. The literature shows that the early experience of unemployment can be influential for lifetime labor market opportunities (e.g., Gregg 2001, Schmillen andUmkehrer 2013). However, while most commentators agree on the significance of early unemployment there is surprisingly little discussion and evidence on some of its key determinants especially the family background. In this paper we study the intergenerational transmission of unemployment experience, describe its patterns, and investigate causal relationships.A number of mechanisms may relate parent and child unemployment. This paper is structured as follows. We first summarize key findings and approaches of the literature on the intergenerational transmission of labor market outcomes and discuss our empirical methods. Then we describe our data. The results section presents findings of least squares regressions, instrumental variables analyses, an application of the Gottschalk (1996) method, and robustness tests. In section 5 we conclude with a summary of our findings. Literature and empirical approach Existing evidence on intergenerational transmission of labor market outcomesSeveral empirical studies investigate the relation between the outcomes of parents and their children with a focus on unemployment and welfare receipt. Studies on unemployment transmis...

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Apprenticeship, Vocational Training and Early Labor Market Outcomes - In East and West Germany

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Learning Better: Public Policy for Skills Development

Learning Better: Public Policy for Skills Development

Occupational Closure and Wage Inequality in Germany and the United Kingdom

Intergenerational Transmission of Unemployment – Evidence for German Sons

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