Applying the Retarded Solutions of Electromagnetic Fields to Transmission Line RLGC Modeling

Abstract

The RLGC model, and its variations, is one of the most common techniques to simulate transmission lines. The RLGC model uses circuit network elements consisting of Resistance R, Inductance L, Conductance G and Capacitance C (per unit length) to represent a small segment of the transmission line, and then cascades multiple segments to simulate the transmission line of arbitrary length. Typically, the parameters in RLGC model are extracted from the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the transmission line which are found using numerical simulation methods. These resulting RLGC parameters for multi-GHz signaling are usually frequency-dependent. This paper introduces an analytical approach to extract RLGC parameters to simulate a transmission line, which results in a different model, the RLGC(p) model.