“…Problems with implementing MBO programs have been reported by a number of researchers (Carroll, 1986, p. 308;Ford, 1979;French, Kast, & Rosenzweig, 1985, p. 471;Griffin & Moorhead, 1986, p. 438;Hollmann, 1976, p. 29;Ivancevich & Glueck, 1986, p. 303;Levinson, 1970;McConkie, 1979a, p. 472;Miner, 1988, p. 198;Reddin, 1971;Stanton, 1975;Szilagyi & Wallace, 1983, p. 582;Tosi & Carroll, 1968, p. 421;Winstead, 1979). Much of this literature can be interpreted in terms of variation in the level of top-management commitment to the MBO process and resultant differences in the nature of the program developed (Carroll, 1986;Kopelman, 1986;McConkie, 1979a, p. 472;Raia, 1974a;Ruth, 1979;Stein, 1975).…”