Applying SEM-Cathodoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy as an advanced research tool for the characterization of archaeological material

Palamara, Eleni; Das, Partha P.; Nicolopoulos, Stavros; Tormo, Laura; Oikonomou, Artemios; Kouloumpi, Eleni; Terlixi, A.; Zacharias, N.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2020.105230

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…6 (top) is indicative of the pure form of the barium sulfate pigment. It should be mentioned that on a previous publication by Palamara et al [15], a composite area of analysis, consisting of Ba, S, Pb and Si, was presented, showing a more complex CL signal. Based on the new evidence, only the band at approximately 560 nm corresponds to BaSO 4 , whereas the bands at 432 and 474 nm correspond to PbCO 3 and the band at 315 nm is still under investigation, though possibly connected to Si.…”

Section: Effect Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…CL is commonly applied in a wide variety of geological material [6,7]; in recent years an increasing number of applications in archaeological and Cultural Heritage artefacts has also been published. A few examples of the successful application of CL is the analysis of quartz for the classification and provenance analysis of pottery [8][9][10][11], natural [12] and man-made glass [13][14][15], the examination of weathering effects on Greek white marble [16], the analysis of lime carbonates in plaster from Mexico [17], the provenance analysis of Late Neolithic ornaments (beads and bracelets) made of spondylus shells from Hungary [18] and the characterization of lapis lazuli artefacts and pigments [19]. Similar efforts using solid state luminescence protocols were practiced in the past either for the characterization of cultural material, as presented for example by Zacharias et al [20], or on synthetic materials; a review for the later was written by Yukihara et al [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above mentioned difficulties have led in recent years to a significant increase in-and improvement ofapplied techniques, with an emphasis on non destructive and in-situ techniques [22,23]. Despite the need for sampling, the so far limited applications of SEM/CL in the analysis of paintings have provided with very promising results [15,24,25], since the technique can be applied on both organic and inorganic pigments, on a micrometer to nanometer scale. Also, it is expected that similar manufacturing processes will result to similar luminescence properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Towards building a Cathodoluminescence (CL) database for pigments: characterization of white pigments

Palamara

Das²,

Nicolopoulos³

et al. 2021

Herit Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Paintings and painted surfaces are considered to be extremely complex due to their multitude of materials and thus form the basis for particularly intricate Cultural Heritage studies. The combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Cathodoluminescence (CL) can serve as a powerful tool for the identification of individual pigments. SEM/CL has the potential of identifying both organic and inorganic pigments and can focus on a micrometer or even nanometer scale. The combination with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) allows for robust, cross-checked, elemental and mineralogical characterization of pigments. In order to apply SEM/CL in a routine-based way for the identification of pigments, it is necessary to have a robust, open-access database of characteristic CL spectra of pigments. A large project has been undertaken to create such a database, focusing primarily at the pigments, both organic and inorganic, which were most commonly used from antiquity until today. In the present paper, the CL characterization of common white pigments is presented. White pigments were selected, due to their significance and frequency of use, since they were also present on the ground layers or mixed with other pigments in most of the painting layers. More specifically, the CL spectra of samples in pure form of calcite, kaolinite, lead white, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, lithopone and titanium white are presented. In all cases, the CL spectra present characteristic bands, which allow for a secure identification of the pigments. In order to facilitate comparison with other databases, EDS and RAMAN spectra are also presented. Additionally, the effect of weathering on the CL spectra was evaluated, by comparison to naturally and artificially aged samples and to pigments identified on areas of two paintings, of the 19th and 20th c., respectively. Finally, the effect of binding media was also studied, using combination of pigments with four common media: egg yolk, linseed, walnut and poppy oil. Overall, both weathering and binding media appear to cause minor differences in the occurring spectra, without preventing the identification of pigments.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards building a Cathodoluminescence (CL) database for pigments: characterization of white pigments

Palamara

Das²,

Nicolopoulos³

et al. 2021

Herit Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Si generano quindi immagini dai colori brillanti, il cui confronto può aiutare a discriminare diversi gruppi ceramici per provenienza o tecniche di manifattura (Weiss et al, 2016;Ammari et al, 2017;Hunt, 2013). La tecnica può essere applicata sia per lo studio dell'impasto ceramico che di rivestimenti vetrosi (Palamara et al, 2020) o per studiare particolari trattamenti superficiali (Chapoulie et al, 2005). La tecnica è non distruttiva; tuttavia la dimensione del campione deve essere tale da poter essere inserito all'interno della camera analitica a vuoto (esistono camere di diverse dimensioni ma, più grande è la camera, più tempo sarà richiesto per ottenere il vuoto).…”

Section: Catodoluminescenzaunclassified

Paesaggi urbani e rurali in trasformazione. Contesti e dinamiche dell’insediamento letti alla luce della fonte archeologica

Fabiani¹,

Gattiglia²

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Access Archaeology offers a different publishing model for specialist academic material that might traditionally prove commercially unviable, perhaps due to its sheer extent or volume of colour content, or simply due to its relatively niche field of interest. This could apply, for example, to a PhD dissertation or a catalogue of archaeological data.All Access Archaeology publications are available as a free-to-download pdf eBook and in print format. The free pdf download model supports dissemination in areas of the world where budgets are more severely limited, and also allows individual academics from all over the world the opportunity to access the material privately, rather than relying solely on their university or public library. Print copies, nevertheless, remain available to individuals and institutions who need or prefer them.The material is refereed and/or peer reviewed. Copy-editing takes place prior to submission of the work for publication and is the responsibility of the author. Academics who are able to supply printready material are not charged any fee to publish (including making the material available as a free-todownload pdf). In some instances the material is type-set in-house and in these cases a small charge is passed on for layout work.Our principal effort goes into promoting the material, both the free-to-download pdf and print edition, where Access Archaeology books get the same level of attention as all of our publications which are marketed through e-alerts, print catalogues, displays at academic conferences, and are supported by professional distribution worldwide.The free pdf download allows for greater dissemination of academic work than traditional print models could ever hope to support. It is common for a free-to-download pdf to be downloaded hundreds or sometimes thousands of times when it first appears on our website. Print sales of such specialist material would take years to match this figure, if indeed they ever would. This model may well evolve over time, but its ambition will always remain to publish archaeological material that would prove commercially unviable in traditional publishing models, without passing the expense on to the academic (author or reader).

show abstract

“…More recently, CL was used, together with optical microscopy and SEM, to better describe the firing conditions of various pottery sherds, and the thermal behaviour of mineral inclusions [16]. Finally, pottery glazes were studied by Palmara et al [29], evidencing how different responses in CL would differentiate Hellenistic black glazes and authentic replicas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital image analysis on cathodoluminescence microscopy images for ancient ceramic classification: methods, applications, and perspectives

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper aims to investigate the application of cathodoluminescence (CL) imagery (with optical microscopy) and CL spectroscopy (with Scanning Electron Microscope) in ancient ceramics studies, for a proper classification of petro-fabrics and mineral inclusions based on their CL response. Digital image analysis (DIA) routines are proposed for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, and outcomes are reviewed in the light of classical optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDS) approaches. Obtained results demonstrated the suitability of CL in discriminating ceramic groups, offering also complementary information connected with aspects as provenance or manufacturing processes. CL imagery and spectroscopy data are also used to discuss perspectives of the method, debating bias, limits, or suspicious inconsistencies, exploring how compositional features or sample’s nature imprint CL response, and finally providing the basis for future developments. Addendum at the back of the paper includes and extensively discusses some technical aspects regarding the applied DIA routines, developed in open-sources software environments and available as supplementary materials.

show abstract

Applying SEM-Cathodoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy as an advanced research tool for the characterization of archaeological material

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Towards building a Cathodoluminescence (CL) database for pigments: characterization of white pigments

Towards building a Cathodoluminescence (CL) database for pigments: characterization of white pigments

Paesaggi urbani e rurali in trasformazione. Contesti e dinamiche dell’insediamento letti alla luce della fonte archeologica

Digital image analysis on cathodoluminescence microscopy images for ancient ceramic classification: methods, applications, and perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About