Applying Eye Movement Modeling Examples to Guide Novices’ Attention in the Comprehension of Process Models

Winter, Michael; Pryss, Rüdiger; Probst, Thomas; Reichert, Manfred

doi:10.3390/brainsci11010072

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This finding aligns with [14], which observed similar effects in simple process models with minimal complexity. As suggested by [47], process models varying in size and complexity could exhibit different cognitive load levels. Moreover, ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Comprehension Strategies of Modular Process Models: A Combined Eye-Tracking and Concurrent Think-Aloud Study

Baß,

Winter,

Pryss

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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The study of complex process models often encounters challenges in terms of comprehensibility. This paper explores using modularization as a strategy to mitigate such challenges, notably the reduction in complexity. Previous research has delved into the comprehensibility of modularized process models, yet an unresolved question about the cognitive factors at play during their comprehension still needs to be answered. Addressing the latter, the paper presents findings from an innovative study combining eye-tracking and concurrent think-aloud techniques involving 25 participants. The study aimed to comprehend how individuals comprehend process models when presented in three different modular formats: flattened process models, models with grouped elements, and models with subprocesses. The results shed light on varying comprehension strategies employed by participants when navigating through these modularized process models. The paper concludes by suggesting avenues for future research guided by these insights.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Comprehension Strategies of Modular Process Models: A Combined Eye-Tracking and Concurrent Think-Aloud Study

Baß,

Winter,

Pryss

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, effects of EMME on performance measures imply changes in how observers process the instructional material. Litchfield et al (2010) for example showed that learners take longer to execute the task in the presence versus absence of the EMME, and Winter et al (2021) found that the EMME helped observers to execute the task. Conversely, effects of EMME on learning measures imply that the altered processing of the instructional material has longer-lasting consequences for the memory and task performance, showing later on in the absence of the EMME (see also Soderstrom & Bjork, 2015).…”

Section: Which Types Of Effects Did the Identified Studies Explore?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing a Task Performer’s Gaze to Foster Observers’ Performance and Learning—a Systematic Literature Review on Eye Movement Modeling Examples

et al. 2023

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Eye movement modeling examples (EMMEs) are instructional videos (e.g., tutorials) that visualize another person’s gaze location while they demonstrate how to perform a task. This systematic literature review provides a detailed overview of studies on the effects of EMME to foster observers’ performance and learning and highlights their differences in EMME designs. Through a broad, systematic search on four relevant databases, we identified 72 EMME studies (78 experiments). First, we created an overview of the different study backgrounds. Studies most often taught tasks from the domains of sports/physical education, medicine, aviation, and STEM areas and had different rationales for displaying EMME. Next, we outlined how studies differed in terms of participant characteristics, task types, and the design of the EMME materials, which makes it hard to infer how these differences affect performance and learning. Third, we concluded that the vast majority of the experiments showed at least some positive effects of EMME during learning, on tests directly after learning, and tests after a delay. Finally, our results provide a first indication of which EMME characteristics may positively influence learning. Future research should start to more systematically examine the effects of specific EMME design choices for specific participant populations and task types.

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Gaze cueing improves pattern recognition of histology learners

Bellstedt,

Holtrup,

Otto

et al. 2024

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Experts perceive and evaluate domain‐specific visual information with high accuracy. In doing so, they exhibit eye movements referred to as “expert gaze” to rapidly focus on task‐relevant areas. Using eye tracking, it is possible to record these implicit gaze patterns and present them to histology novice learners during training. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of such expert gaze cueing on pattern recognition of medical students in histology. For this purpose, 53 students were randomized into two groups over eight histology sessions. The control group was presented with an instructional histology video featuring voice commentary. The gaze cueing group was presented the same video, but with an additional overlay of a live recording of the expert's eye movements. Afterward, students' pattern recognition was assessed through 20 image‐based tasks (5 retention, 15 transfer) and their cognitive load with the Paas scale. Results showed that gaze cueing significantly outperformed the control group (p = 0.007; d = 0.40). This effect was evident for both, retention (p = 0.003) and transfer tasks (p = 0.046), and generalized across different histological contexts. The cognitive load was similar in both groups. In conclusion, gaze cueing helps histology novice learners to develop their pattern recognition skills, offering a promising method for histology education. Histology educators could benefit from this instructional strategy to provide new forms of attentional guidance to learners in visually complex learning environments.

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Applying Eye Movement Modeling Examples to Guide Novices’ Attention in the Comprehension of Process Models

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

Exploring Comprehension Strategies of Modular Process Models: A Combined Eye-Tracking and Concurrent Think-Aloud Study

Exploring Comprehension Strategies of Modular Process Models: A Combined Eye-Tracking and Concurrent Think-Aloud Study

Visualizing a Task Performer’s Gaze to Foster Observers’ Performance and Learning—a Systematic Literature Review on Eye Movement Modeling Examples

Gaze cueing improves pattern recognition of histology learners

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