Applications of the acetylene-ethylene assay for measurement of nitrogen fixation

Hardy, R. W. F.; Burns, R. C.; Holsten, R. D.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(73)90093-x

Cited by 998 publications

(451 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The acetylene reduction assay is extensively used to study factors that affect nitrogenase activity in legumes, non-legumes and the free living nitrogen fixing microorganisms (Hardy, Burns and Holsten, 1973). Parasponia is the only non-legume known to fix nitrogen symbiotically in nodules formed by Rhizobium (Trinick, 1973) and the infiuence of different environmental and physical treatments on the acetylene reducing activity of this symbiotic system are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF OXYGEN, TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON THE REDUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY ROOT NODULES FORMED BY RHIZOBIUM ON PARASPONIA ANDERSONII PLANCH

Trinick

1980

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYTest tube grown Parasponia plants formed nodules on the surface of the agar and reduced acetylene at a constant rate for a mimimun of 55 h at 25°C. Nitrogenase activity increased with pC^iJAi to maximum activity at levels higher than 0-1 atm. No diurnal rhythm, attributable to the supply of photosynthate, was detected and decapitation of the plant had no effect on nitrogenase activity although nodule detachment lowered activity by 32 % with further diminution when nodules were sliced. Nitrogenase activity decreased from the tip to the base of the nodule. Soaking for 30 min did not affect activity. Repeated acetylene reduction assays made on plants adversely affected their activity. Maximum activity occurred at 25° to 35 °C. Below 20 °C nitrogenase activity ceased within minutes. Unlike that in legumes, acetylene reduction recovered slowly when plants were returned to favourable temperatures. Activity was lowered by 50% at 40 °C and to zero at 45 °C. The pO^, optimum for nitrogenase activity, in contrast to that in legume and many non-legume nodules, was narrow and activity fell rapidly above and below 0-2 atm Og. Restoration of nitrogenase activity after inhibition by 0-4 and 0-9 aXxnpOŵ as slow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF OXYGEN, TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON THE REDUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY ROOT NODULES FORMED BY RHIZOBIUM ON PARASPONIA ANDERSONII PLANCH

Trinick

1980

New Phytologist

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“…The C:N ratio (9:1) of the high metal biosolids was within the range commonly seen prior to land application, indicating that the material had not decomposed over time. The slow rate of decomposition of these materials potentially resulted from their storage in an anaerobic environment for 25 years prior to this study (Henry et al, 1999). In this study, biosolids applied at 13.4 t ha -1 supplied plant N equivalent to 140 kg ha -1 urea.…”

Section: Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative rates of N fixation were measured as acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and reported as micromoles C 2 H 4 produced per gram of nodule used in the assay (dry weight basis) per hour (µmol C 2 H 4 g -1 h -1 ) as described in Hardy et al (1973). Two trees from each plot were harvested for analyses during the first week of September in 2002, and the last week of August in 2003.…”

Section: Nitrogen Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction was left to run for three hours in the dark and then a 3ml sample was taken from each vial and stored in a vacutainer for transport to the laboratory. Samples were analyzed for ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) on a SRI 8610C gas chromatograph (GC) with a 60mx0.53 Supelco capillary column using manual injection with nitrogen as the carrier gas (Hardy et al, 1973;Myrold et al, 1999;Weaver & Danso, 1994). The detection limit for this analysis taking dilution into account was 1.5 micromoles g hr -1 .…”

Section: Nitrogen Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen fixation and growth response of Alnus rubra amended with low and high metal content biosolids

Gaulke

Henry

Brown

2006

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Forest application of biosolids offers a potential environmentally friendly alternative to landfilling. This two-year investigation was designed to analyze the effects of elevated soil metal concentration resulting from the land application of biosolids on the symbiotic, nitrogen (N) fixing relationship between Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) and Frankia. High metal biosolids and a modernday composted biosolid applied at high loading rates of 250, 500, and 1000 Mg ha -1 , were used to represent a worst-case scenario for metal contamination. The high metal biosolids were obtained before the current regulations were formulated and had been lagooned prior to use in this study. Total cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the high metal biosolids were 45, 958, and 2623 mg kg -1 respectively. These metal concentrations are above current regulatory limits in the US. The compost was made using biosolids that are currently produced and had Cd, Pb and Zn of 0.8, 20 and 160 mg kg -1 respectively. Trees were harvested and analyzed for rate of N fixation (as measured by acetylene reduction activity), biomass, and foliar metals. Soils were analyzed for available N, total carbon and N, pH and total Cd, Pb and Zn. Rates of N fixation were not affected by soil amendment. In year 2, shoot biomass of trees grown in both the compost and high metal amendments were higher than the control. Shoot biomass increased with increasing amount of compost amendments, but decreased with increasing amount of high metal amendments. There was no relationship between soil metal concentration and plant biomass. Foliar Cd and Pb were below detection for all trees and foliar Zn increased with increasing amount of both compost and high metal amendment, with concentrations of 249 mg kg -1 for trees grown in the compost amendment and 279 mg kg -1 for the high metal amendment. The results from this study indicate that the growth of A. rubra benefited from both types of biosolids used in the study and that the Alnus/Frankia relationship was not negatively impacted by metal concentrations resulting from the high metal biosolids amendments. Key words: Frankia, cadmium, lead, zinc CRESCIMENTO E FIXAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO POR Alnus rubra CULTIVADO SOB FERTILIZAÇÃO COM BIOSÓLIDOS COM ALTOS E BAIXOS TEORES DE METAISRESUMO: A aplicação de biosólidos em florestas representa uma potencial alternativa ambientalmente correta para aterros sanitários. Os efeitos de fertilização de nitrogênio na relação simbiôntica e de fixação de nitrogênio Alnus rubra Bong. (amieiro vermelho) e Frankia foram avaliados em um estudo de campo conduzido por dois anos. Um biosólido com concentração de metais muito acima dos marcos regulatórios (45 mg kg -1 Cd; 958 mg kg -1 Pb; 2623 mg kg -1 Zn) produzido há mais de 25 anos e um biosólido composto recente foram aplicados nas doses de 250, 500 e 1000 Mg ha -1 , representando um cenário pior possível de concentração de metais. Ao final do segundo ano, a biomassa da parte aérea das plantas cultivadas sob ambos os compostos era maior que...

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“…Hardy (1973) has proposed a specific terminology to differentiate nitrogen fixation measurements extrapolated from c 2 u 2 reduction (i.…”

Section: Literature Review Nitrogen Fixation -Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ nitrogen (C2H2) fixation in lakes of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Allnutt

Parker

Seaburg

et al. 1981

Hydrobiological Bulletin

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Applications of the acetylene-ethylene assay for measurement of nitrogen fixation

Cited by 998 publications

References 138 publications

EFFECTS OF OXYGEN, TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON THE REDUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY ROOT NODULES FORMED BY RHIZOBIUM ON PARASPONIA ANDERSONII PLANCH

EFFECTS OF OXYGEN, TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS ON THE REDUCTION OF ACETYLENE BY ROOT NODULES FORMED BY RHIZOBIUM ON PARASPONIA ANDERSONII PLANCH

Nitrogen fixation and growth response of Alnus rubra amended with low and high metal content biosolids

In situ nitrogen (C2H2) fixation in lakes of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica

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