Newcastle University ePrintsCrossland AF, Jones D, Wade NS. Planning the location and rating of distributed energy storage in LV networks using a genetic algorithm with simulated annealing.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License
ePrints -Newcastle University ePrints http://eprint.ncl.ac.ukPlanning the location and rating of distributed energy storage in LV networks using a genetic algorithm with simulated annealing
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems http://dx.AbstractIn light of the expansion of domestic photovoltaic (PV) systems in the UK, there are concerns of voltage rise within LV networks. Consequently, network operators are interested in the costs and benefits of different technologies to manage their assets. This paper examines the particular case for distributed energy storage. A heuristic planning tool is developed using a genetic algorithm with simulated annealing to investigate the problem of locating and sizing energy storage within LV networks. This is applied to investigate the configuration and topologies of storage to solve voltage rise problems as a result of increased penetration of PV. Under a threshold PV penetration, it is shown that distributed storage offers a financially viable alternative to reconductoring the LV network. Further, it is shown that a configuration of single phase storage located within the customer home can solve the voltage problem using less energy than a three phase system located on the street.
NomenclatureRandom number in the interval zero to one, applied in simulated annealing Capital cost of storage unit [£] Installation cost of each storage unit [£] Power cost of particular energy storage technology [£/kW] Energy cost of particular energy storage technology [£/kWh] Cost of reconductoring the network [V] Permissible depth of discharge [%] Capacity of energy storage unit [kWh] Roulette wheel fitness of solution during algorithm round Probability that solution is selected during algorithm round Rating of energy storage unit [kW] Length of time that storage operates at full power [h] Temperature, applied in simulated annealing Highest voltage in LV network when storage solution is implemented [V] Round trip efficiency of particular energy storage technology [%]Please cite this article as: Crossland, A.F., et al., Planning the location and rating of distributed energy storage in LV networks using a genetic algorithm with simulated annealing.