Applications of Poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid-co-2,2′-bithiophene) Films in High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices

Abstract

Two homopolymers (poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid) (PInc) and poly(2,2-bithiophene) (PbT)) and a copolymer (poly(indole-6-carboxylic acid-co-2,2-bithiophene) (P(Inc-co-bT))) are electrodeposited on ITO electrode surfaces via electrochemical method. Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of PInc, PbT, and P(Inc-co-bT) films were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy. The anodic P(Inc-co-bT) film prepared using Inc./bT = 1/1 feed molar ratio shows high optical contrast (30% at 890 nm) and coloring efficiency (112 cm 2 C −1 at 890 nm). P(Inc-co-bT) film revealed light yellow, yellowish green, and bluish grey in the neutral, intermediate, and oxidation states, respectively.

Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

“…PINCBT films shows doping and de-doping behaviour by its quasi-rectangular CV, while UV (ultraviolet) peaks show bathochromic shift of the peaks in PINCBT (395 nm) as compared to PIN (350 nm) which increases with increasing potential produced due to growing of charge carriers. PINCBT was used as anode, while PEDOT/PSS [poly(styrenesulfonate)] was used as cathode with highest % transmittance of 31% and coloration efficiency of 416.7 cm 2 C −1 at 650 nm [64].…”

Applications of Copolymers Consisting of 2,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyridine and 3,6-di(2-thienyl)carbazole Units as Electrodes in Electrochromic Devices

“…Figure 1 displays the cyclic voltammograms (CV) of 2 mM dCz, 2 mM dTC, and their mixtures (2 mM dCz + 1 mM dTC; 2 mM dCz + 2 mM dTC; 1 mM dCz + 2 mM dTC) in 0.2 M LiClO 4 /ACN/DCM solution in the potential range from 0.0 to 1.4 V. The scan rate was 100 mV s −1 . When the number of CV cycles increased, the current density of redox peaks increased with an increasing scanning number, implying the growth of polymer films on ITO surfaces [27]. As displayed in Figure 1a, the 1st and 2nd oxidation peaks of PdCz at ca.…”

Additive Manufacturing from the Point of View of Materials Research

“…Chalcogenide [49] PV solar applications [47] Magnetocaloric Magnetic field Temperature change Ni-Co-Mn-Sn [50] Magnetic refrigeration [50] Pyroelectric Temperature Electric current Barium strontium titanate [51] Infrared detector [51] Piezoelectric Mechanical stress Electric current Gallium arsenide [52], lead-zirconatetitanate [53] Microactuators [52], biosensors [54] Piezoresistive Mechanical stress Electrical resistance Silicon [55,56] Pressure sensors [55] [59] supercapacitors, transistors, diodes [60], switchable mirrors [63], optical devices [61], optical recordings, forensics, smart windows [62] Chemochromic Chemical reaction Color change Tungsten oxide [64,65] Hydrogen gas detectors/sensors [64,65] Photochromic/ photorefractive Light Color change Azobenzene, dithienylethene [66] spiropyrane [67,68] LiNbO3:Mn [69] BaTiO3 [70] Optical data storage, optical switching [66], drug delivery systems [67], gel-glasses [68] Emergency signage, lighting, backlights [78,79], detection of electric/magnetic fields [80] Mechanoluminescent Mechanical stress Light emission Zinc sulfide doped with copper, zinc sulfide doped with manganese [80] Dynamic pressure mapping, stress sensing [80], optoelectronic devices, security papers [81] (continued) • Stimuli-responsive materials also have a high potential in different types of signalization devices, such as displays or haptic (sense of touch) technologies. In fact, haptic devices provide a unique interface between humans a...…”