Applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis and catalysis

Qureshi, Ziyauddin S.; Deshmukh, Krishna M.; Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.

doi:10.1007/s10098-013-0660-0

Cited by 160 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…ILs are often quoted as designer solvents because the selection of an appropriate IL cation and anion paira llows the generation of ILs with ad iversity of physical and chemicalp roperties. Owing to their unique properties, ILs are ac ommonly used organic salt group in various industrial, commercial, and pharmaceuticala pplications.S everalo f these applicationss uch as their usage in pharmaceutical, [1] environmental, [2] and in food [3] related applications,i no rganic synthesis and catalysis, [4] and in analytical chemistry [5] have been reviewed previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Ionic Liquid Cytotoxicity and Liposome–Ionic Liquid Interactions

Ruokonen

Sanwald

Robciuc

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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This study aims at extending the understanding of the toxicity mechanism of ionic liquids (ILs) using various analytical methods and cytotoxicity assays. The cytotoxicity of eight ILs and one zwitterionic compound was determined using mammalian and bacterial cells. The time dependency of the IL toxicity was assessed using human corneal epithelial cells. Hemolysis was performed using human red blood cells and the results were compared with destabilization data of synthetic liposomes upon addition of ILs. The effect of the ILs on the size and zeta potential of liposomes revealed information on changes in the lipid bilayer. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the penetration of the ILs into the lipid bilayer. Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine whether the ILs occurred as unimers, micelles, or if they were bound to liposomes. The results show that the investigated ILs can be divided into three groups based on the cytotoxicity mechanism: cell wall disrupting ILs, ILs exerting toxicity through both cell wall penetration and metabolic alteration, and ILs affecting solely on cell metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Ionic Liquid Cytotoxicity and Liposome–Ionic Liquid Interactions

Ruokonen

Sanwald

Robciuc

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…For scCO 2 , it is easy to be released after reaction and easy to be recycled and reused by compressing CO 2 ; therefore, the separation could be simplified, which is particularly suitable for continuous reactions on an industrial scale . As for ILs, some special chemical and physical properties such as nonvolatility, nonflammability, and thermal stability make them useful as stable and reusable reaction media, which has played multiple roles like catalysts, solvents, and catalyst supports (Qureshi et al 2014). Due to the versatility and large quantity of fine chemicals, we cannot show the entire synthesis roadmap of a specific chemical and the use of green reaction media during the synthesis procedure.…”

Section: Fine Chemical Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the increasing demand for sustainability in the chemical industry, replacing traditional reaction media with novel and environmentally benign ones is especially highlighted in recent studies. Ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical fluids (SCFs), especially supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ), are two kinds of newly emerging green media showing potential applications in chemical reactions (Leitner 1999, 2002, Mikami 2005, Keskin et al 2007, Kerton and Marriott 2009, Qureshi et al 2014. Other green reaction media such as water, ethanol, aqueous surfactant micelles, and polymers, as well as solvent-free conditions, are excluded in the scope of this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide: green and alternative reaction media for chemical processes

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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Ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) are two promising types of reaction media for green chemical processes due to their unique properties. They can be integrated into chemical reactions as catalysts and solvents to develop green and environment-friendly processes. This review presents current research trends aiming to solve the major chemical engineering issues in light of a fundamental understanding of these media. Applications of these media in the petrochemical industry, biochemical engineering, and fine chemical production are reviewed, suggesting the challenges and directions of utilizing them for green processes prospectively. These recent explorations and successful examples of applications demonstrate that ILs and scCO 2 offer huge potential for novel and green chemical engineering processes.

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“…[114][115][116][117][118] Facilitation of the work-up, the possibility of catalyst recycling, and the achievement of mild reaction conditions are among the major motivations to perform syntheses in ILs. This is due to the unique physical properties of ILs mentioned above and the fact that their chemical properties can be fine-tuned by varying the structure of the cation and the anion, influencing organic reactions in a different way than conventional solvents, acting not only as a solvent, but also as a catalyst.…”

Section: Application In Organic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Synthesis without Conventional Solvents

Obst

König

2018

Eur J Org Chem

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Organic synthesis without an organic solvent is still the exception. In this microreview, we discuss and compare different synthetic methods that proceed in the absence of conventional organic solvents. This includes solvent‐free methods in solids (mechanochemistry and solid‐state photochemistry), and in neat liquids (thermal and photocatalytic), as well as the application of unconventional solvents, such as ionic liquids and deep‐eutectic solvents. The different approaches are briefly introduced and examples illustrate their specific advantages, followed by a critical discussion of their limitations. Some methods have the intrinsic benefits of solvent‐free operation, such as avoiding solubility problems and side‐reactions with the solvent. However, every method has specific advantages and the demand of the synthetic application is crucial for selecting the best technique.

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Applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis and catalysis

Cited by 160 publications

References 125 publications

Correlation between Ionic Liquid Cytotoxicity and Liposome–Ionic Liquid Interactions

Correlation between Ionic Liquid Cytotoxicity and Liposome–Ionic Liquid Interactions

Ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide: green and alternative reaction media for chemical processes

Organic Synthesis without Conventional Solvents

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