Applications of Graphene-Based Materials in Solid-Phase Extraction and Solid-Phase Microextraction

Investigation of the adsorption mechanism and preconcentration of sulfonamides using a porphyrin-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 -graphene oxide nanocomposite

“…Graphene oxide (GO), a derivate of graphene, contains various reactive oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxylic groups [2], which make GO sheets ideal fundamental materials for the immobilization of diverse substances onto its surface [3]. Graphene-based materials have been used in sample preparation, especially for solid-phase extraction (SPE) [4].…”

“…Increasing numbers of novel materials, including carbon nanotubes [8][9][10][11][12] and graphene-based materials [4,[13][14][15][16], have been used as adsorbents in SPE and MSPE. Various reagents, including aromatic molecules [17], surfactants [18], polymers [19], porphyrins [20] and biological molecules [21], have been used to functionalize graphene and GO to improve their chemical properties.…”

Recent advances in metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for sample preparation and chromatographic analysis

“…To improve the performance of analytical methods, a matrix such as food, water or urine must be treated before analysis. Solid‐phase extraction (SPE) is the most commonly used sample pretreatment technology in the laboratory . SPE technology was developed as an alternative to the classical liquid–liquid extraction method to lower organic solvent consumption, shorten the sample pretreatment processing time and simplify the operation process.…”

Standard signal extraction for analyzing target analytes in real samples with complex matrices

“…To enhance the efficiency of separation, experimental techniques have been developed, such as extraction techniques [1,2] and multi-dimensional chromatographic techniques [3,4]. In chromatographic analyses, second-order hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detector are frequently used for the determination of the components in real samples.…”

“…In chromatographic analyses, second-order hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detector are frequently used for the determination of the components in real samples. To enhance the efficiency of separation, experimental techniques have been developed, such as extraction techniques [1,2] and multi-dimensional chromatographic techniques [3,4]. However, extraction generally extracts a class of compounds with similar property, making it difficult to have a satisfactory separation in chromatographic analysis [5].…”