Applications of Genie Male Sterility in Plant Breeding

Abstract

The possible applicatiotis of genie male sterility (CMS) in plant breeding are reviewed and discussed. The basic contribution of CMS is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be applied for the massive production of hybrids. There are two main fields of application: (1) the production of hybrid varieties and (2) inter-and intraspecific hybridization and back-crossing programmes for the introduction of genetic variation into crop varieties. Several schemes have been proposed for using CMS in hybrid breeding in different crops. These are discussed under four headings: genetic methods, c\'-togenetic methods, temporary restoration of fertility and manual pollination. The application of CMS in hybridization intended for the introduction of alien genes is discussed as well as factots alfeeting the pollination of genie male steriles.

Chromosome stickiness impairs meiosis and influences reproductive success in Panicum maximum (Poaceae) hybrid plants

“…Abnormalities that cause male sterility are an important tool in the investigation of anther and pollen development and to obtain hybrid seeds in plant breeding (Rao et al, 1990a;Horner and Palmer, 1995;Shifriss, 1997;Atanassova, 2000). The recovery and analysis of new sources of male sterility is one of the most important problems of plant genetics because its solution benefits both plant breeding and studies on sexual reproduction and the interaction of different genetic systems of a plant cell (Tsvetova and Elkonin, 2003).…”

Phenotypic, cytogenetic and spike fertility characterization of a population of male-sterile triticale

“…Similarly, Singh (2001) performed phenotypic characterizations and identifications of male-sterile wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) that were subsequently confirmed by changes in the color and size of pollen grains observed through the microscopic analysis of their progeny. Changes in the floral morphology of plants with male sterility have been described in soybean, and changes in the color of anthers have been described in Sesamum sp., a typical African plant where male-sterile plants exhibit green anthers and male-fertile plants have yellow anthers (Rao et al, 1990).…”

Cytological Investigations of the Microsporogenesis in Male-sterile Ramie (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) and Its Offspring

“…Investigations in anther and pollen development that involves the com-plex process of microsporogenesis also helped understanding the genetic control of sexual reproduction systems (Tsvetova and Elkonin 2003). Genic male sterility has been used in exploiting hybrid vigor in some crops such as barley, tomato and pepper (Rao et al 1990). The absence of functional pollen grains in an MS plant is a desirable character because it facilitates the crossbreeding avoiding labor-intense emasculation in greenhouse or in field (Xie et al 2005).…”