Applications of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in studies of benign prostate and prostate cancer. A pilot study

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy has been applied to a study of prostate cancer cell lines derived from different metastatic sites and to tissue from benign prostate and Gleason-graded malignant prostate tissue. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were analysed by FTIR, after mounting onto a BaF(2) plate and subsequent removal of wax using Citroclear followed by acetone. Cell lines were analysed as aliquots of cell suspension held between two BaF(2) plates. It was found that the ratio of peak areas at 1030 and 1080 cm(-1), corresponding to the glycogen and phosphate vibrations respectively, suggests a potential method for the differentiation of benign from malignant cells. The use of this ratio in association with FTIR spectral imaging provides a basis for estimating areas of malignant tissue within defined regions of a specimen. Initial chemometric treatment of FTIR spectra, using the linear discriminant algorithm, demonstrates a promising method for the classification of benign and malignant tissue and the separation of Gleason-graded CaP spectra. Using the principle component analysis, this study has achieved for the first time the separation of FTIR spectra of prostate cancer cell lines derived from different metastatic sites.

The roles of macromolecules in imatinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

“…These results also agree with the increase in the intensity of the shoulder around 1170 cm À1 in the imatinib resistant cancer cells indicating protein phosphorylation [46]. Gazi et al suggested that the intensity ratio of the 1030 cm À1 and 1086 cm À1 bands could be interpreted as glycogen-to-phosphate ratio and proposed as a marker for cancer to distinguish benign and malignant prostate cancer and they concluded that the ratio decreased in malignant tissue [47].…”

Biophysical evaluation of physiological effects of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) farming using FTIR spectroscopy

“…The phosphate level was higher for normal cells carbohydrate levels also showed a corresponding increase than for H-ras transfected malignant cells (Ramesh et al, 2001). In a study by Gazi et al the intensity ratio of the 1030 cm À1 and 1086 cm À1 bands was interpreted as glycogen-to-phosphate ratio and proposed as a marker for cancer to distinguish benign and malignant prostate cancer and they concluded that the ratio decreased in human malignant tissue (Gazi et al, 2003). Their findings indicate a close connection between carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in the development of malignant cancer cells and the subject should be investigated metabolically.…”

FTIR-based spectroscopic analysis in the identification of clinically aggressive prostate cancer

“…These include benign and malignant prostate (Gazi et al, 2003(Gazi et al, , 2004(Gazi et al, , 2006, colon (Lasch et al, 2002) and cervical tissues, all of which have been evaluated using this technique and with a high rate of diagnostic accuracy. In relation to grading of CaP, the sensitivities and specificities reported earlier have been as high as 78 and 89%, respectively, using a Fourier transform infrared-linear discriminant analysis model to predict Gleason scores less than 7 (GSo7), equal to 7 (GS ¼ 7) and greater than 7 (GS47) (Gazi et al, 2006).…”

“…Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths of men in the United Kingdom, with 10 164 deaths in 2003(Cancer Research UK, 2006. The diagnosis of CaP and in particular, the prediction of biopotential in individual patients can be very problematic.…”