Applications of conducting polymer composites to electrochemical sensors: A review

Naveen, M.; Gurudatt, N.G.; Shim, Yoon‐Bo

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2017.09.001

Cited by 443 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…This interest is due to their tunable electrical conductivity that can be achieved through, facile polymerization, doping and their soft organic material properties [16]. They have important applications in electrochemical sensor and biosensor systems [17][18][19]. Conducting polymers are usually synthesized by chemical and electrochemical methods, mainly through oxidative polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Acar

Atun

2018

Electroanalysis

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In this paper, we report an electrochemical material for nicotine detection in aqueous solution by using glassy carbon electrode (GCE) electrodeposited with Nickel(II) phthalocyanine‐tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (polyNiTSPc) in Tetra n‐bütil ammonium hydroxide (TnBAH) alkaline solution. The detection performance of the polyNiTSPc/GCE and the reaction mechanism of nicotine electro‐oxidation process is investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) techniques in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5). The conductivity properties of the bare GCE and polyNiTSPc/GCE were analysed using Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology of bare GCE and polyNiTSPc/GCE are characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). PolyNiTSPc shows high catalytic activity for the electro‐oxidation of nicotine, with the limit of detection at 146 nM nicotine. PolyNiTSPc/GCE can be used as a biosensor with very low detection limit for nicotine. Electrode process for nicotine oxidation is diffusion controlled, including irreversible one‐electron transfer attributed to the nicotine/nicotine‐Δ1′,(5′)‐iminium ion conversion on the polyNiTSPc coated electrode. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the polyNiTSPc against nicotine plays a similar role as CYP2A6 enzyme which catalyses the intermediate reaction product of nicotine‐cotinine transformation in most mammalian species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Acar

Atun

2018

Electroanalysis

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“…Alternatively conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes and other carbonaceous materials have been profusely used during the last decades as non‐reactive electrodic supports for the construction of chemical, electrochemical and biochemical sensors ,,,. From a sensing point of view we are facing here a new paradigm these electrodic materials can be used as reactants (Reaction 1).…”

Section: A New Dimensional Chemical Space Between Molecular Electrochmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Consumed by Electrochemical Molecular Machines as Self‐Sensor of the Reaction Conditions: Origin of Sensing Nervous Pulses and Asymmetry in Biological Functions

Otero

Beaumont

2018

ChemElectroChem

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For reactions involving molecular machines (artificial or biochemical), the evolution of the reaction energy, or that of any of its components, adapts to and senses the working thermal, chemical, or mechanical conditions. Here, the state of the art and the attained sensing equations of the oxidation/reduction of conducting polymers seen as replicating materials and reactions of the intracellular matrix of functional cells (molecular machines, ions and water) are reviewed. The adapting reaction energy in actuating muscles and other organs can originate the nervous pulses translating its quantitative energetic information (thermal, fatigue state and mechanical) to the brain. Besides, reversible oxidation/reduction charges originate a great asymmetry of the consumed reaction energies, which could explain why evolution has selected and improved the most efficient of the two reactions to drive full asymmetric biological functions such as muscle contraction or the flow of nervous signals. The material reaction drives volume variations and energetic adaptation, two simultaneous functions that have allowed the development of artificial sensing‐muscles postulated to replicate some primitive artificial proprioception.

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“…Multifunctional composites of ICP have also been extensively explored as it combines the attributes of conjugated polymer and the reinforcement material giving rise to a synergetic effect, by demonstrating improved properties, which can be utilized for complex biomolecule sensing . Moreover, composites of ICP can arrest agglomeration of nanoparticles due to dispersion in conductive organic matrix and also prevent restacking due to steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions . Simultaneously, ICP composites enhance the electron transfer rates during biochemical reactions thereby proving as an excellent transducer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Development of Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Composites as Biosensors

Prajapati

Kandasubramanian

2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Biosensors are analytical devices which find extensive applications in fields such as the food industry, defense sector, environmental monitoring, and in clinical diagnosis. Similarly, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) and their composites have lured immense interest in bio‐sensing due to their various attributes like compatibility with biological molecules, efficient electron transfer upon biochemical reactions, loading of bio‐reagent, and immobilization of biomolecules. Further, they are proficient in sensing diverse biological species and compounds like glucose (detection limit ≈0.18 nm), DNA (≈10 pm), cholesterol (≈1 µm), aptamer (≈0.8 pm), and also cancer cells (≈5 pm mL−1) making them a potential candidate for biological sensing functions. ICPs and their composites have been extensively exploited by researchers in the field of biosensors owing to these peculiarities; however, no consolidated literature on the usage of conducting polymer composites for biosensing functions is available. This review extensively elucidates on ICP composites and doped conjugated polymers for biosensing functions of copious biological species. In addition, a brief overview is provided on various forms of biosensors, their sensing mechanisms, and various methods of immobilizing biological species along with the life cycle assessment of biosensors for various biosensing applications, and their cost analysis.

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Applications of conducting polymer composites to electrochemical sensors: A review

Cited by 443 publications

References 186 publications

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

The Energy Consumed by Electrochemical Molecular Machines as Self‐Sensor of the Reaction Conditions: Origin of Sensing Nervous Pulses and Asymmetry in Biological Functions

Progress in the Development of Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Composites as Biosensors

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