Applications of Biotechnology for Characterization of Plants and Pests as the Key Components of Plant Protection and Production Strategies: A Review

Alemu, Melaku

doi:10.3126/ijasbt.v8i3.31556

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 282 publications

(368 reference statements)

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“…These GM maize hybrids were able to control ECB and WCR effectively at their release. Nowadays, about 95% of the maize acreage in the USA is planted using GM hybrids (Alemu, 2020).…”

Section: Insect Pest Resistance Breeding Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming and increasing maize cultivation demand comprehensive efforts in disease and insect resistance breeding in north‐western Europe

Miedaner

Juroszek²

2021

Plant Pathology

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Maize productivity is threatened by global climate change. Climate change scenarios suggest that north‐western (NW) Europe will get warmer and drier during the main crop‐growing period. In general, more northerly regions will benefit, whereas more southerly regions will suffer suboptimal rain‐fed farming conditions. In these latter regions in particular, the resulting probable lower realized on‐farm maize grain and biomass yields must be safeguarded. Breeding for resistance against already existing and emerging diseases and insect pests is one component to achieve yield stability across years. Durable multiple‐disease resistance will become especially crucial. Herein, we focus on disease resistance breeding approaches in maize, especially related to northern corn leaf blight and Fusarium ear rots, although virus and bacterial diseases will become more important as well. Continuous adjustments of disease resistance breeding strategies will be required. Insect pest resistance breeding must be improved considerably, as in a warmer world insects will thrive, probably causing detrimental direct (feeding, sucking, etc.) and indirect (vectors of pathogens, feeding wounds creating gateways for many pathogens, passive transport of inoculum across maize plants) effects. Four case studies on insects that are already prevalent in NW Europe or may be expected in the near future are covered in this review. Maize cultivars need to combine both durable multiple‐disease and multiple‐insect resistance, although the implementation of many different effective resistance resources in breeding programmes will be challenging, particularly if trade‐offs among breeding goals appear.

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“…These GM maize hybrids were able to control ECB and WCR effectively at their release. Nowadays, about 95% of the maize acreage in the USA is planted using GM hybrids (Alemu, 2020).…”

Section: Insect Pest Resistance Breeding Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming and increasing maize cultivation demand comprehensive efforts in disease and insect resistance breeding in north‐western Europe

Miedaner

Juroszek²

2021

Plant Pathology

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“…Finding safer substitute control methods, such as the use of biological agents against stored grain pests, is thus important [63]. By 1996, there were more than 600 kinds of plant-eating insect pests that were resistant to insecticides [95]. A growing body of evidence has reported resistant strain of pests in staple foods, such as cowpea and maize [96,97], resulting in secondary pest outbreaks [98].…”

Section: Pesticide Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants as a Natural Greener Biocontrol Approach to “The Grain Destructor” Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Motschulsky

Phokwe,

Manganyi

2023

Plants

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According to the United Nations (UN), the global population may skyrocket to 9.8 billion people in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, placing an overwhelming burden on food security as the world will have to meet this growing demand. Maize is the largest staple grain crop produced in developing countries. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is one of the most destructive post-harvest pests of stored cereals and grains. The maize weevil contributes up to 40% of total food-grain losses during storage, mainly in developing countries. Current synthetic pesticides are ineffective, and, moreover, they raise serious environmental safety concerns as well as consumer health hazards. Drawing from past oversights and current environmental realities and projections, the global population has been switching to green living by developing sustainable strategies. In our context, these new greener strategies include the utilization of medicinal plants to control maize weevil infestation, which unlocks unlimited innovative possibilities, and, thus, improves the yield, quality, and safety of maize. Medicinal plants are less toxic, easily biodegradable, and capable of protecting grain from pests. This paper systematically outlines the literature on host plants as well as the feeding and associated diseases of the maize weevil. In light of this, we cement medicinal plants as excellent candidates in the pursuit of greener, sustainable, more potent, and cost-effective pesticides.

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Will Transaction Costs and Economies of Scale Tip the Balance in Farm Size in Industrial Agriculture? An Illustration for Non-Food Biomass Production in Germany

Wen

Chatalova

2021

Sustainability

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The study investigates how the agricultural sector can respond to a growing non-food biomass demand. Taking Germany as an example, a stylized case of biomass production under conditions of technological advance and constantly growing demand is modelled. It is argued that biomass producers might seek to adjust their farm size by simultaneously optimizing benefits from the production scale and transaction cost savings, where transaction costs are measured using Data Envelopment Analysis. The results extend the debate on transaction costs and structural change in agriculture by revealing a possible synergy and trade-off between transaction cost savings and benefits from (dis)economies of scale. They show that if larger farms cannot economize on transaction costs, then investments in land and labor, needed to adjust to higher biomass demand, partly compromise the returns to scale, which decelerates the farm size growth. A higher degree of asset specificity gives rise to transaction costs and reduces the rate at which the farm size decreases. Smaller producers may disproportionally benefit from their higher potential of transaction cost savings, if advanced technologies can offset the scale advantage of larger farms. The findings inform policymakers to consider this complex effect when comparing the opportunities of smaller and larger agricultural producers in the bioeconomy.

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Applications of Biotechnology for Characterization of Plants and Pests as the Key Components of Plant Protection and Production Strategies: A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 282 publications

Global warming and increasing maize cultivation demand comprehensive efforts in disease and insect resistance breeding in north‐western Europe

Global warming and increasing maize cultivation demand comprehensive efforts in disease and insect resistance breeding in north‐western Europe

Medicinal Plants as a Natural Greener Biocontrol Approach to “The Grain Destructor” Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Motschulsky

Will Transaction Costs and Economies of Scale Tip the Balance in Farm Size in Industrial Agriculture? An Illustration for Non-Food Biomass Production in Germany

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