Applications of biosurfactants in dentistry

Nanotechnology in toothpaste: Fundamentals, trends, and safety

“…Toothpaste is a commonly used hygienic tool for the management of dental plaque and the attainment of societally acceptable oral cosmesis. Regardless of formula variations, certain additives are found in a majority of toothpaste and serve specialized roles, such as water (moisturization), carbopol, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, and sodium alginate (agglutinant/thickener) [ 33 , 210 ], aromatizing agent (taste, mint, aroma, and sweetness) [ 131 ], wetting agent (hydrogen peroxide or activated charcoal) [ 20 , 211 ], antifoaming agent (silicon antifoam) [ 212 ], sodium bicarbonate and calcium phosphate-based agents (erosive action) [ 213 , 214 ], and an emulsifier, to aid in the removal of leftover food from the tooth structure [ 215 ]. Bioactive substances, such as antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine, triclosan, F, and other natural compounds like herbal extracts, improve dental care [ 216 , 217 ].…”

“…Arnaud et al investigated the effect of chitosan on the demineralization process [ 215 ]. Their findings show that chitosan in tooth-care formulations inhibits tooth phosphate release and slows demineralization.…”