Applications of an energy‐dispersive pnCCD for X‐ray reflectivity: Investigation of interdiffusion in Fe–Pt multilayers

Abstract

A frame store pn-junction CCD (pnCCD) detector was applied to study thermally induced interdiffusion in Fe/Pt thin film multilayers (MLs) in a temperature range between 300 and 585 K. Based on the energy resolution of the detector the reflectivity was measured simultaneously in a spectral range between 8 keV < E < 20 keV including the Pt L-edge energies close to 11.5 keV. Above T ¼ 533 K we find a strong drop of intensities at 1st and 2nd order ML Bragg peak interpreted by mutual interdiffusion. Considering a simulated model of interdiffusion it has been found that the concentration of iron that diffuses into the platinum sub layers is higher than that of platinum into iron. The time dependence of inter diffusion was also calculated in the range of 533-568 K and was described by the Arrhenius equation D(T) ¼ D 0 exp(ÀH a /k B T). The activation energy for the MLs used [Fe 1.7 nm/Pt 2 nm] 50 was found to be 0.94 AE 0.22 eV.

Examples of XRF and PIXE imaging with few microns resolution using SLcam® a color X‐ray camera

“…The detector equipped with the 1:1 optics with 20 m channels is capable of full-field X-ray photon detection over an 12 12 mm 2 sample area with a spatial resolution of 45 m (11 LP/mm). Using 8:1 magnifying optics, a resolution of 5.4 m (93 LP/mm) is reached over an image area of 1.5 1.5 mm 2 .…”

“…spatially resolved X-ray transmission [10] , diffraction [11] or scattering measurements [12] . However, to acquire a spatially resolved image of a divergent X-ray source -which is the case for XRF and PIXE -an X-ray optics needs to be used to guide photons from small regions on a sample to corresponding pixels on the detector.…”

Fast X-ray reflectivity measurements using an X-ray pixel area detector at the DiffAbs beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL

“…The following references, not cited in the main body of the paper, have been cited in the supporting information: Abboud et al (2011);Albouy & Valerio (1997); Als Nielsen & McMorrow (2010); Bhattacharya et al (2003);Brower et al (1996); Chihab & Naudon (1992); Daillant & Alba (2000); Daillant & Gibaud (2009) Stoev & Sakurai (1999, 2013; Tolan (1999); Vlieg (1997); Voegeli et al (2013); Wirkert et al (2013); Yasaka (2010).…”

Application of a pnCCD for energy-dispersive Laue diffraction with ultra-hard X-rays

“…In a first application with white synchrotron radiation, the three-dimensional resolution of a pnCCD was tested in a GISAXS experiment on an organic multilayer at the EDR beamline of BESSY II in Berlin (Leitenberger et al, 2008). A similar setup served to detect temperature-induced interdiffusion processes in an FePt multilayer across the absorption edges of the sample (Abboud et al, 2011). In this application, exploiting also the time resolution of the pnCCD, fourdimensional data sets were generated, containing the desired structural information about the material.…”