Applications of Acid–Base Blend Concepts to Intermediate Temperature Membranes

Kerres, Jochen

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17082-4_4

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A covalent cross‐linker endows the PBI membrane with low resistance to heat due to the presence of H blend components, which contain thermally and chemically labile benzylic C─H bonds. Ionic cross‐links also have a low resistance compared with the pure membrane due to the desulfonation of the S component …”

Section: Functional Properties Of Membrane Affected By Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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Summary Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.

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Section: Functional Properties Of Membrane Affected By Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic cross-links also have a low resistance compared with the pure membrane due to the desulfonation of the S component. 298…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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“…In the case of DMFCs, current PEM still possesses high methanol permeability, excessive swelling, etc. During the past years, many efforts have been made to develop new membranes based on nonfluorinated polymers as an alternative to Nafion as these are more cost‐effective . Alternative ionomers such as poly(phenylene), polysulfone, poly(ether ether ketone), polyimide, polyaniline, poly(arylene ether sulfone), poly(styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene), to name a few, have been studied in an attempt to replace Nafion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport properties of blended sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) and isopropyl phosphate membranes

Ruiz-Colón

Pérez‐Pérez

Suleiman

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work discusses the effect of isopropyl phosphate (IP) on the transport properties of sulfonated poly(styrene-isobutylene-styrene) (SO 3 H SIBS) as membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and chemical and biological protective clothing (CBPC) applications. The properties were determined as a function of SIBS sulfonation level (i.e., 24, 34, 49, and 84 mol %) and IP loading (i.e., 1, 3, 5, 11, and 15 wt %). A comprehensive material characterization study (e.g., FTIR, TGA, AFM, and SAXS) was performed to confirm the presence of the phosphate groups in the polymer matrix, assess the thermal stability of the proton-exchange membranes (PEMs), and understand how the unique interactions between the phosphate and sulfonic groups influenced the nanostructure of SO 3 H SIBS. The transport properties, water absorption capabilities (i.e., swelling ratio, water uptake, etc.), oxidative stability, and ion-exchange capacity (IEC) were performed to evaluate the impact of IP on the properties of the resulting solvent-casted membranes. Results suggest that the morphology, thermal stability, and vapor permeability are governed by the sulfonation level, whereas the IEC, oxidative stability, water absorption capabilities, and the rest of the transport properties are dominated by the ionic content (i.e., sulfonic and phosphate groups) and their synergistic effects.

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“…This concept is based on the blending of a basic polymer with an acidic one, where acid–base, non-covalent cross-links are formed by proton transfer from the acidic group to the basic one (see Figure 2 ). This approach was proposed early on by Kerres et al for the fabrication of membranes working at low temperature [ 34 ]. Here, the basic polymer was used as a cross-linker for the cation-conducting membranes.…”

Section: Pbi-based Acid-base Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, the Kerres group tested a large number of acid-base blend couples [ 34 ]. Figure 3 shows the comparison of the fuel cell performances of some commercial membranes with a blend composed of PBI Celazol ® (poly(2,20-m-phenylene-5,50-bibenzimidazole, m-PBI, named as B1, PBI Performing Products Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA) and polysulphone Udel ® (Solvay, Milan, Italy) sulphonated in the bisphenol A section (named S1).…”

Section: Pbi-based Acid-base Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer and Composite Membranes for Proton-Conducting, High-Temperature Fuel Cells: A Critical Review

2017

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Polymer fuel cells operating above 100 °C (High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, HT-PEMFCs) have gained large interest for their application to automobiles. The HT-PEMFC devices are typically made of membranes with poly(benzimidazoles), although other polymers, such as sulphonated poly(ether ether ketones) and pyridine-based materials have been reported. In this critical review, we address the state-of-the-art of membrane fabrication and their properties. A large number of papers of uneven quality has appeared in the literature during the last few years, so this review is limited to works that are judged as significant. Emphasis is put on proton transport and the physico-chemical mechanisms of proton conductivity.

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Applications of Acid–Base Blend Concepts to Intermediate Temperature Membranes

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Transport properties of blended sulfonated poly(styrene‐isobutylene‐styrene) and isopropyl phosphate membranes

Polymer and Composite Membranes for Proton-Conducting, High-Temperature Fuel Cells: A Critical Review

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