Application strategy for sustainable livestock production with farm animal algorithms in response to climate change up to 2050: A review

Abstract

Global warming caused by climate change can increase heat stress and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to food problems and livestock crises. Thus, pre-emptive responses are required to mitigate the food problems and livestock crises. The potential of a livestock crisis caused by global warming highlights the need for sustainable livestock production in response to climate change using a farm animal algorithm in order to address the population increase and avoid food problems in the future. In particular, the demand for animal-based foods has increased. Such a climate change threatens the livestock environment, production, reproductive efficiency, animal behaviour and welfare, while increasing the heat stress, livestock malodours, and GHG emissions. For these reasons, it is necessary to understand the concurrent mechanisms related to these effects of global warming, animal nutrition, animal feeding and management, animal heat stress and in ovo injection, and carbon neutral livestock. Climate-smart livestock systems are being implemented to overcome the livestock crisis caused by climate change and to maintain sustainable livestock production. This review emphasises the importance of sustainable livestock production using farm animal algorithms in response to a future livestock crisis caused by climate change in 2050.

Effect of digital livestock system on animal behavior and welfare,and fatty acid profiles of egg in laying hens

“…Digital livestock system through the convergence of animal production and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has enabled the establishment of a climate-smart poultry production system (Goswami and Bhatt, 2017;Groher et al, 2020;Park, 2022). Digital livestock system using the convergence technology of animal farming and ICT such as big data analytics, machine learning, biometric sensors, block chain, Artificial Intelligences, Internet of Things (IOT) and drone has been developed.…”

“…Digital livestock system using the convergence technology of animal farming and ICT such as big data analytics, machine learning, biometric sensors, block chain, Artificial Intelligences, Internet of Things (IOT) and drone has been developed. Digital livestock system as an application strategy for sustainable livestock production enables remote control through computer and smartphone (Mahale and Sonavane, 2016;Mansor et al, 2018;Neethirajan and Kemp, 2021;Park, 2022). This can monitor stable environments including temperature and humidity.…”

“…It is difficult to control the whole farm with conventional poultry feeding system without automation due to labor shortage (Kim and Lee, 2015;Chen et al, 2016). Although feeding management of poultry house has been improved through automated facilities and environmental control sensors, there are a lot of difficulties in feeding management due to expansion of breeding scale (Um et al, 2020;Park, 2022). Poultry house is designed to enable modifications of environmental conditions including ventilation, cooling, heating, light, and noise.…”

“…The poultry house enables environmental control including temperature, humidity, and ventilation through the enclosed feeding system. Expansion of breeding scale and increased production have been achieved (Park, 2022). Poor environment causes stress to animal, damages animal welfare, and incudces physiological and ethological responses, thus reducing poultry production (Muttha et al, 2014;Um et al, 2020).…”

“…Digital livestock system as application strategy for sustainable livestock production enables remote control through computer and smartphone, thus reducing time and labor for environmental management (including temperature, humidity, ventilation, ammonia, and carbon dioxide of laying hens) and feeding management (including tolerant tree, diet intake, egg production, and feces treatment) while promoting animal health and business management (Jones et al, 2005;Um et al, 2020;Park, 2022). Transmitted data should be received through a receiver and transmitted to General Packet Radio Service via micro-controller.…”