Application of X-ray CT method for discontinuity and porosity detection in 316L stainless steel parts produced with SLM technology

Ziółkowski, Grzegorz; Chlebus, Edward; Szymczyk, Patrycja; Kurzac, J.

doi:10.1016/j.acme.2014.02.003

Cited by 181 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Currently, a few studies focusing on application of computed tomography for characterization of additive manufactured parts are available. Ziolkowski et al [29] have analyzed the possibility of porosity detection in 316L stainless steel parts made of selective laser melting. They have detected the pores greater than 70 lm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography for characterization of fatigue performance of selective laser melted parts

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography for characterization of fatigue performance of selective laser melted parts

et al. 2015

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“…For an ideal sphere, the sphericity coefficient S = 1 [15]. Results in form of histograms showing numbers of pores with various sphericity coefficients are given in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity Detection by Computed Tomography

Ziółkowski¹,

Szymczyk²,

Pawlak³

et al. 2017

PAR

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Zezwala się na korzystanie z artykułu na warunkach licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 3.0 IntroductionAn industrial CT scanner is equipped with an X-ray tube generating a conical beam of radiation. It can be used for representing external and internal geometry of technical objects. After CT examination, structure of the object remains unchanged, so this technique is classified as a non-destructive testing [1][2][3][4]. By CT it is possible to analyse internal structure of examined objects in a relatively short time, with no need of their expensive cutting into sections. Schematic presentation of obtaining three-dimensional data using CT is shown in Fig. 1. During reconstruction, the object is placed on a turntable and screened with X-rays. The object is penetrated by radiation at various angular positions of the table and a series of X-ray images is recorded. Based of these digitally recorded images composed of individual pixels with various intensities, a 3D model of the scene is reconstructed. The object is separated from the background by segmentation using the thresholding technique and, finally, a 3D model of the object itself is created.A map representing 3D geometry, obtained by CT reconstruction, makes it possible to detect hidden material defects in form of pores, cracks, inclusions and other discontinuities inside the reconstructed objects [5][6][7], see Fig. 2. An advantage of this measurement method is quantitative analysis of defects that makes it possible to evaluate total porosity with determination of shapes of pores and their spatial distribution. However, the possibility of detecting pores by CT depends on many Abstract: Industrial computed tomography (CT) supports quality inspection of manufactured technical objects and product development thanks to its possibility of non-destructive detection of porosity. Application of computed tomography to porosity detection permits not only qualitative evaluation of internal structure of objects, but also quantitative evaluation of material porosity with representation of three-dimensional shape of pores and their spatial distribution. The paper presents a brief characteristic of the factors influencing effectiveness of porosity detection by CT. A technical example illustrates influence of the applied magnification on the possibility to detect porosity and represent shapes of pores. Next, the results of porosity evaluation obtained by CT and by standard microscopic examinations are compared. It was demonstrated that result of porosity detection is influenced by magnification and resolution of CT measurements.

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“…The obtained data were processed with Volume Graphics VG Studio Max 2.0 software. Details and possibilities of XCT measurements have been explained in [35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Corrosion of Ti–Re Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2017

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that enables novel alloy production by combining metals with significantly different physical properties. In this paper, the hot corrosion behavior of Ti-Re alloys fabricated by SLM was studied in a mixture of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl salts at 600°C. The morphology and composition of the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to understand the degradation mechanisms. It has been shown that the hot corrosion resistance of Ti-Re alloys was influenced by the chemical inhomogeneity of the oxide scale resulting from the presence of rhenium particles undissolved during the SLM process.

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Application of X-ray CT method for discontinuity and porosity detection in 316L stainless steel parts produced with SLM technology

Cited by 181 publications

References 10 publications

Computed tomography for characterization of fatigue performance of selective laser melted parts

Computed tomography for characterization of fatigue performance of selective laser melted parts

Porosity Detection by Computed Tomography

Hot Corrosion of Ti–Re Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

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