Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

Karron, Elina; Runno-Paurson, Eve; Lõiveke, H.; Islamov, Bulat; Kütt, Mary-Liis; Talve, Tiina; Lauringson, E.; Hõrak, Hanna; Edesi, Liina; Niinemets, Ülo

doi:10.18832/kp2020.66.215

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, by reducing competition from other commensal or pathogenic fungal species, fungicide treatments may increase F. langsethiae infection and T-2/HT-2 contamination. These results were recently confirmed by Karron et al [91] in Estonia, who reported that fungicide treatments did not effectively reduce DON and T-2/HT-2 levels in barley.…”

Section: Fungicides and Herbicidessupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of Organic and Conventional Cereal Production Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination Levels

2022

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Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals constitute major problems for animal and human health worldwide. A range of plant pathogenic Fusarium species that can infect cereal plants in the field are considered the most important source of mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin, and HT-2 toxin, in small-grain cereal crops in temperate climates. In this article, we (i) critically review the available knowledge on the impact of contrasting production systems (organic versus conventional) and specific agronomic parameters on the occurrence and concentrations of DON, ZEA, and T-2/HT-2 in small-grain cereals (wheat, oats, barley, and rye), and (ii) discuss Fusarium mycotoxin risks in the context of the need to develop more sustainable cereal production systems. Overall, the available evidence from studies of acceptable scientific quality suggests that the incidence and concentrations of Fusarium mycotoxin are lower in organic compared with conventional cereals. Specifically, 24 comparisons showed lower mycotoxin levels in organic production, 16 detected no significant difference, and only 2 showed higher levels in organic production. When the mean concentrations from all studies were compared, conventionally produced cereals had 62%, 110%, and 180% higher concentrations of DON, ZEA, and T-2/HT-2, respectively, than organic cereals. Overall, published studies on the effects of specific agronomic practices on mycotoxin levels suggest that diverse crop rotations and high soil organic matter content/biological activity are associated with a lower risk of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination, whereas (i) high mineral nitrogen fertiliser inputs, (ii) some fungicides and herbicides, and (iii) minimum or no tillage may increase the risks of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in cereals. The management of Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins, therefore, requires a preventative, integrated, holistic agronomic approach.

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Section: Fungicides and Herbicidessupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of Organic and Conventional Cereal Production Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination Levels

2022

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“…Additionally, the efficacy of the fungicide application determines if all Fusarium species which are present and pathogenic under particular conditions can be controlled. Sometimes the application of a fungicide which works excellently against some specific pathogenic species might not be effective against other species, which subsequently become dominant [ 19 , 21 ]. These factors of inefficient treatment lead to variable success in controlling FHB by application of fungicides [ 19 , 21 ].…”

Section: Fhb Counteracting and Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to yield loss the other major concern is the change in seed quality [17,20]. Contamination of grain with mycotoxins leads to a quality loss for human consumption and poses difficulties in processing and feeding contaminated grain to animal species [14][15][16][17][18]21]. The most frequently encountered Fusarium mycotoxins in Europe are type B trichothecenes (TCTB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Fusarium Pathogens in the Era of Climate Change: A Conceptual Approach

et al. 2020

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium pathogens is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of small grain cereals worldwide, substantially reducing yield quality and food safety. Its severity is increasing due to the climate change caused by weather fluctuations. Intensive research on FHB control methods has been initiated more than a decade ago. Since then, the environment has been rapidly changing at regional to global scales due to increasing anthropogenic emissions enhanced fertilizer application and substantial changes in land use. It is known that environmental factors affect both the pathogen virulence as well as plant resistance mechanisms. Changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, and water availability can have positive, neutral, or negative effects on pathogen spread depending on the environmental optima of the pathosystem. Hence, there is a need for studies of plant–pathogen interactions in current and future environmental context. Long-term monitoring data are needed in order to understand the complex nature of plants and its microbiome interactions. We suggest an holobiotic approach, integrating plant phyllosphere microbiome research on the ecological background. This will enable the development of efficient strategies based on ecological know-how to fight Fusarium pathogens and maintain sustainable agricultural systems.

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“…Wheat grains are colonized by various fungi, including plant pathogens and mycotoxin-producing species. The species composition of seed-colonizing fungi can be modified by various agronomic practices and weather conditions [23,50,51]. In this study, spelt grain was colonized by many fungi, but mainly by Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Evaluation of the Weed Infestation, Grain Health, and Productivity Parameters of Two Spelt Wheat Cultivars Depending on Crop Protection Intensification and Seeding Densities

et al. 2020

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Spelt wheat is one of the oldest wheat with very high nutritional value. It does not have particular climatic requirements and tolerates adverse environmental conditions well. The versatile advantages of spelt wheat make it attractive to farmers, plant breeders, food technologists, and consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different crop protection systems and seeding densities on yield, weed infestation, and grain health of the spelt wheat cultivars “Rokosz” and “Schwabenspelz”. The research showed that the spelt wheat cultivars studied responded differently to production intensification. The use of crop protection chemicals in the crop of the cultivar “Rokosz” resulted in lower weed infestation and in obtaining higher yields. In the case of the cultivar “Schwabenspelz”, production intensification did not have a significant effect on its productivity and quantitative weed infestation parameters. Therefore, this cultivar can be recommended for cultivation in farms with extensive farming methods, for example, in organic farms. In both cultivars studied, an increase in seeding density and chemical plant protection with fungicide caused lower grain contamination with mycotoxins, and the content of individual mycotoxins did not exceed the maximum levels set for grain intended for food and animal feed purposes.

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Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Organic and Conventional Cereal Production Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination Levels

Effect of Organic and Conventional Cereal Production Methods on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination Levels

Fighting Fusarium Pathogens in the Era of Climate Change: A Conceptual Approach

Evaluation of the Weed Infestation, Grain Health, and Productivity Parameters of Two Spelt Wheat Cultivars Depending on Crop Protection Intensification and Seeding Densities

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