Evaluation of the Weed Infestation, Grain Health, and Productivity Parameters of Two Spelt Wheat Cultivars Depending on Crop Protection Intensification and Seeding Densities

Abstract

Spelt wheat is one of the oldest wheat with very high nutritional value. It does not have particular climatic requirements and tolerates adverse environmental conditions well. The versatile advantages of spelt wheat make it attractive to farmers, plant breeders, food technologists, and consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different crop protection systems and seeding densities on yield, weed infestation, and grain health of the spelt wheat cultivars “Rokosz” and “Schwabenspelz”. The research showed that the spelt wheat cultivars studied responded differently to production intensification. The use of crop protection chemicals in the crop of the cultivar “Rokosz” resulted in lower weed infestation and in obtaining higher yields. In the case of the cultivar “Schwabenspelz”, production intensification did not have a significant effect on its productivity and quantitative weed infestation parameters. Therefore, this cultivar can be recommended for cultivation in farms with extensive farming methods, for example, in organic farms. In both cultivars studied, an increase in seeding density and chemical plant protection with fungicide caused lower grain contamination with mycotoxins, and the content of individual mycotoxins did not exceed the maximum levels set for grain intended for food and animal feed purposes.

Impact of varied tillage practices and phosphorus fertilization regimes on wheat yield and grain quality parameters in a five-year corn-wheat rotation system

“…Consistent with our study, Buczek, et al 78 reported that the gluten index in no-tillage treatment was considerably lower compared to conventional tillage and reduced tillage. Additionally, Haliniarz, et al 98 found that CT outperformed no-tillage in terms of grain density and uniformity, resulting in a significantly lower gluten index. A low gluten index suggests the weakness of gluten for the baking industry 99 .…”

The total phenolic compound and sorgoleone content as possible indirect indicators of the allelopathic potential of sorghum varieties ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

“…All individual weed species were taken from two randomly selected places, (0.7 × 1.0 m quadrat frame), divided into species, and weighed. Next, they were averaged and expressed on a 1 m -2 basis (Haliniarz et al 2020). Each year, the weed flora of experimental fields mainly consisted of Chenopodium album L. (CHEAL), and Brassica napus (BRSNN) at densities of 513-850 g • m -2 and 547-846 g • m -2 , respectively.…”

Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management

“…Haliniarz et al [10] showed that the effectiveness of the use of plant protection products in the cultivation of spelt wheat depended on the cultivar. Under intensive cultivation, lower weed infestation and higher yields were obtained for the cultivar Rokosz compared to Schwabenspelz.…”

“…Several articles have shown that crop species and habitat conditions significantly affect the abundance and botanical composition of the associated flora (segetal weeds) [4,5,9]. Moreover, it was found that the effectiveness of the use of plant protection products in wheat cultivation depended on the cultivar [10]. Increasing the intensity of the production also affects the yields of lupine [8] and spelt wheat [10], as well as the health of soybean [6] and chamomile [11].…”

“…Moreover, it was found that the effectiveness of the use of plant protection products in wheat cultivation depended on the cultivar [10]. Increasing the intensity of the production also affects the yields of lupine [8] and spelt wheat [10], as well as the health of soybean [6] and chamomile [11]. In perennial crops (willow), segetal weeds are the dominant flora, although with the age of the plantation their number decreases in favor of apophytes [12].…”