Application of ultrasonic irradiation as a benign method for production of glycerol plasticized-starch/ascorbic acid functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites: Investigation of methylene blue adsorption and electrical properties
Abstract:A solution mixing and ultrasonic dispersion method as a green, the fast, inexpensive and effective technique was utilized to prepare glycerol plasticized-starch (GPS)/ascorbic acid (AA)-MWCNTs nanocomposites (NCs) via the introduction of various amounts of AA-MWCNTs (3, 6 and 9wt%) as filler into GPS matrix. The GPS was synthesized by addition of glycerol (50%) as a plasticizer to starch which enhances its flexibility. Characterization of the obtained GPS/AA-MWCNTs NCs was accomplished by different techniques.… Show more
“…The spectra showed the main characteristic band of PVC (listed in Table 2), and two characteristic bands (D band and G band) for MWCNTs are also presented. As mentioned in many references [23], the G band is due to the sp2-bond vibration emitted by the carbon atoms in the In Figure 2, C-Cl vibration of PVC presented at 694 and 635 nm. Also, Alkyl (CHn) and D band indicted in 1431 and 1330 cm −1 , respectively.…”
Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning
confidence: 63%
“…This also must be verified without affecting the properties of the filler or the host material. However, this problem can be solved with different techniques, such as the chemical functionalization of CNTs [19][20][21], ultrasonic oscillation [22][23][24], surfactants [22,25,26] and immiscible polymer blends [27][28][29]. Some other techniques such as non-covalent functionalization can be used to modify carbon nanotubes.…”
Polyvinyl Vinyl Chloride (PVC) multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite flexible films were prepared using the solvent blend technique. Chloroform (CHCl3) and tetrahydrofuran ((CH2)4O) were used as solvents for MWCNTs and PVC, respectively. The effect of the solvents’ blend on electrical, optical and thermal properties of PVC/MWCNTs were investigated. The results of the Raman spectrum showed that all the characteristic bands of PVC polymer have a slight shift due to addition of MWCNTs. Electrical results showed that the nanocomposite samples with chloroform volume ratios of 10% and 25% had nearly the same conductivity. This is attributed to the formation of the MWCNTs network, which assisted in electrical conductivity. The I-V hysteresis curve decreases as the temperature increases and as it approaches the glass transition temperature. The non-isothermal kinetics analysis for PVC and PVC/MWCNTs were investigated by Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) using the model-free kinetic method. The non-isothermal measurements were carried out at five heating rates of 5 to 40∘C/min. The results show that the main decomposition process has constant apparent activation energies for all samples. The use of the bi-solvent method has improved the dispersion of untreated MWCNTs, and this has been reflected on the stability of both electrical and thermal properties.
“…The spectra showed the main characteristic band of PVC (listed in Table 2), and two characteristic bands (D band and G band) for MWCNTs are also presented. As mentioned in many references [23], the G band is due to the sp2-bond vibration emitted by the carbon atoms in the In Figure 2, C-Cl vibration of PVC presented at 694 and 635 nm. Also, Alkyl (CHn) and D band indicted in 1431 and 1330 cm −1 , respectively.…”
Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning
confidence: 63%
“…This also must be verified without affecting the properties of the filler or the host material. However, this problem can be solved with different techniques, such as the chemical functionalization of CNTs [19][20][21], ultrasonic oscillation [22][23][24], surfactants [22,25,26] and immiscible polymer blends [27][28][29]. Some other techniques such as non-covalent functionalization can be used to modify carbon nanotubes.…”
Polyvinyl Vinyl Chloride (PVC) multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite flexible films were prepared using the solvent blend technique. Chloroform (CHCl3) and tetrahydrofuran ((CH2)4O) were used as solvents for MWCNTs and PVC, respectively. The effect of the solvents’ blend on electrical, optical and thermal properties of PVC/MWCNTs were investigated. The results of the Raman spectrum showed that all the characteristic bands of PVC polymer have a slight shift due to addition of MWCNTs. Electrical results showed that the nanocomposite samples with chloroform volume ratios of 10% and 25% had nearly the same conductivity. This is attributed to the formation of the MWCNTs network, which assisted in electrical conductivity. The I-V hysteresis curve decreases as the temperature increases and as it approaches the glass transition temperature. The non-isothermal kinetics analysis for PVC and PVC/MWCNTs were investigated by Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) using the model-free kinetic method. The non-isothermal measurements were carried out at five heating rates of 5 to 40∘C/min. The results show that the main decomposition process has constant apparent activation energies for all samples. The use of the bi-solvent method has improved the dispersion of untreated MWCNTs, and this has been reflected on the stability of both electrical and thermal properties.
“…It seems that in the microwave accelerated technique; NPs are mainly produced via heat effect. While, ultrasounication, heat, and high pressure affect the synthesis of inorganic NPs [27,28]. In fact, by passing ultrasonic wave through a solution, a lot of bubbles are generated, grown, and finally collapsed, which cause acoustic cavitation.…”
Section: Effectiveness Of the Synthesis Methods On Characteristics Ofmentioning
Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) were fabricated with propolis hydro-alcoholic extract and six different methods, namely, hydrothermal, microwave irradiation, ultrasonication, UV radiation, self-assembling, and conventional heating. Results indicated that antioxidant activity, turbidity, pH, and brix values of the provided hydroalcoholic propolis extract were 85.8%, 2.235% a.u., 4.1, and 3.2°Bx, respectively. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that approximately 38 bioactive compounds were detected in the provided extract within 40 min of retention time, including chalcone. Results also revealed that each method had advantage in fabrication of Se NPs compared to others, but spherical Se NPs with overall appropriate physicochemical attributes of particle size (50–60 nm), polydispersity index (0.362), zeta potential (−41.8 mV), maximum broad absorption peak (321 nm), and antioxidant activity (12.4%) were synthesized using the ultrasonication method with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 300 W for 10 min.
“…The preparation of biopolymers nanocomposites with GNP [ 152 , 173 , 178 , 179 ], chemically modified rGO [ 145 , 167 , 180 , 181 ], or CNT [ 172 , 174 , 175 , 182 ] reinforcement has exhibited significant enhancements in the mechanical properties of chitosan, PLA, alginate, PHBV, cellulose nanofibers, and starch even at very low concentrations (<5%), as described in Table 1 . The Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break are increased with the incorporation of the diverse graphene derivatives as fillers.…”
Section: Graphene Derivatives-based Biocomposites As Food Packaginmentioning
This review aims to showcase the current use of graphene derivatives, graphene-based nanomaterials in particular, in biopolymer-based composites for food packaging applications. A brief introduction regarding the valuable attributes of available and emergent bioplastic materials is made so that their contributions to the packaging field can be understood. Furthermore, their drawbacks are also disclosed to highlight the benefits that graphene derivatives can bring to bio-based formulations, from physicochemical to mechanical, barrier, and functional properties as antioxidant activity or electrical conductivity. The reported improvements in biopolymer-based composites carried out by graphene derivatives in the last three years are discussed, pointing to their potential for innovative food packaging applications such as electrically conductive food packaging.
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