Application of the strut-and-tie method for steel fiber reinforced concrete deep beams

Moradi, Mahdi; Esfahani, M. Reza

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.042

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Refs. [ 31 , 32 ] investigated the influence of steel fiber reinforced concrete deep beams with openings. The results showed that a significant final deflection and a notable portion of the shear capacity were maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Liu

et al. 2018

Materials

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Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) is based on a multilevel-reinforcement material design that improves both the compressive strength and tensile strength. Investigations of the mechanical performance of HFRC with two types of steel fibers were conducted experimentally. The investigated parameters were the volume fractions of the short steel fibers and long steel fibers. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the HFRC were researched. The group with volume fractions of 1.5% for the long steel fibers and 0.5% for the short steel fibers exhibited the best flexural strength. The synergetic effect clearly was improved by combining different types of steel fiber. Four HFRC deep beams and one reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam were conducted to consider the shear behavior of these beams. The primary variables included the volume fraction of steel fibers and the web reinforcement ratio. The shear behavior was evaluated based on the cracking pattern, load-deflection behavior, and shear capacity. All of the beams failed due to the formation of diagonal cracks. The results indicated that hybrid fibers contribute greatly to the shear behavior of deep beams. The hybrid fibers led to the formation of multiple diagonal cracks in the deep beams and enhanced the damage tolerance. With the same web reinforcement ratio, the ultimate load and deformation of the HFRC deep beams were better than those of the RC deep beam.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Liu

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…Morad and Reza Esfahani, [8], experimentally examined two different types of wall members, with one wall member having ordinary reinforcement, while the other wall member, besides reinforcement, had steel fibers added to the concrete mixture [8]. The amount and arrangement of reinforcement for all wall members was determined using the Strut-and-Tie method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-and-Tie Method

Starčev-Ćurčin¹,

Rašeta²,

Malešev³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This paper presents the results of the experimental research and numerical analysis of three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings, designed by the Strut-and-Tie method according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations. All tested specimens were made in full size, with the same geometric characteristics and quality of the materials. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determined by parameter variation within the Strut-and-Tie method. Based on the results of experimental research, it was concluded that the behavior of loaded members was in agreement with the proposed forms of the Strut-and-Tie models that were used for their design.

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“…The insertion of these openings causes an increase in stress concentrations and reduces the shear strength of the deep beams due to the interruption of the natural path of the loads to the support (Ibrahim et al, 2018). Given these situations, authors such as Hussain and Pimanmas (2016), Qazi et al (2015), Dhahir (2018), Moradi and Esfahani (2017) and Hawileh et al (2012) used materials reinforced with steel fibers and fiber-reinforced carbon polymers to evaluate various possibilities of strengthening in the critical regions, and to investigate their influence on the cracking behavior of some structural elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized design of RC deep beams based on performance metrics applied to strut and tie model and in-plane stress conditions

Santos

Neto

Reginato

et al. 2019

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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Deep beams do not behave according to classical beam theory. The nonlinearity of strain distribution within these elements requires application of strut and tie models (STM) or other alternatives to evaluate the complex stress field. Although the design of these elements is a common task for structural engineers, limited research is found on assessing effectiveness of the results. The purpose of this work is to compare, in a systematic approach, different design solutions for a deep beam using selected performance metrics which are strain energy, reinforcement ratio, maximum load, structural efficiency, safety factor and cracking behavior. A deep beam (2.85 m of height, 4.20 m of length and 0.2 m of thickness) with a square opening (0.7 m x 0.7 m) close to one of the supports was subjected to a uniform loading at the top surface while resting on supports at both ends. A simplified finite element model (FEM) of this beam was developed simulating concrete with elastic linear stress-strain behavior and disregarding steel reinforcements. This model allowed determination of elastic stress fields necessary to subsequent analyses. Four STM were then developed, supposing the total load respectively represented by one (STM-1), two (STM-2), four (STM-4) or eight (STM-8) concentrated loads equally spaced along the top of the beam. Additionally, an in-plane stress field method (SFM) was applied to the design of the same beam subjected to uniform loading on the top surface. After design and detailing of the reinforcement for each situation, nonlinear FEMs were used to predict the ultimate conditions. The strain energy reduced significantly comparing results from STM-1 to STM-2 and subsequently to STM-4 and remained at a low level in STM-8 and SFM. The reinforcement ratio reduced systematically from STM-1 to STM-8, was minimum with the SFM and the same behavior was followed by maximum load. The structural efficiency (maximum load/reinforcement ratio) increased from STM-1 to STM-8, with maximum efficiency at STM-8 and was slightly below with SFM. The safety factor reduced systematically from STM-1 to STM-8 and was slightly lower with SFM, but in all cases was above acceptable limits found in design codes.

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Application of the strut-and-tie method for steel fiber reinforced concrete deep beams

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Shear Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Shear Behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-and-Tie Method

Optimized design of RC deep beams based on performance metrics applied to strut and tie model and in-plane stress conditions

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