Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During COVID‐19

Hamilton, Kyra; Smith, Stephanie R.; Keech, Jacob J.; Moyers, Susette A.; Hagger, Martin S.

doi:10.1111/aphw.12231

Cited by 62 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In the motivation phase, action self-efficacy was a stable predictor of intention for both behaviors, which concurred with the previous studies indicating self-efficacy played a prominent role in health-related behavior, such as social distancing and hand hygiene during COVID-19 (Derksen et al, 2020 ; Hamilton et al, 2020 ). Outcome expectancies didn’t predict intentions as expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

et al. 2021

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Personal hygiene including wearing facemask and washing hands are instrumental to reduce transmission of COVID-19. The present study applied the health action process approach (HAPA) to examine the process from intention to protective behaviors in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal online survey study was conducted among 229 individuals (61.6% females; M age = 25.37 years, SD age = 8.34 years) living in Hubei province, China. Action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception, intention, planning and action control regarding facemask wearing and hand washing were assessed at baseline (Time 1), and behaviors were assessed a week later (Time 2). Data were collected from 30 January to 16 February 2020. Two structural equation models were specified to test the theory-driven determinants of the facemask wearing and hand washing respectively. The results showed that action self-efficacy predicted intentions to wear facemasks and wash hands. Intention and action control predicted both behaviors at Time 2. Associations between planning and behaviors were mixed. Mediation analyses revealed that action control significantly mediated the relationship between intention and both behaviors (facemask wearing: 90% CI [0.01, 0.12]; hand washing: 95% CI [0.01, 0.21]). Planning did not mediate the relationship between intention and the two behaviors. The findings illustrate that action self-efficacy is positively associated with intention to facemask wearing and hand washing, and action control contributes to bridging intention to behaviors. Both motivational and volitional factors warrant consideration in interventions to improve adherence to facemask wearing and hand washing in COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

et al. 2021

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“…More frequent guideline adherence also was indirectly associated with greater openness to experience via positive attitudes toward guidelines. Related research has shown intentions to be associated with social distancing behavior and other preventive behaviors, including hand washing, respiratory hygiene, and staying at home [ 4 , 5 , 8 ]. Evidence suggests more frequent mask-wearing is positively associated with beliefs about related behavioral outcomes, need for cognition, self-control, risk aversion, and more liberal political orientation and negatively associated with beliefs in misinformation [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge: Prospective Relations between Demographic Factors, Personality Traits, Social Cognitions and Guideline Adherence, Mask Wearing, and Symptoms in a U.S. Sample

Milad

Bogg

2021

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

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Background To date, much of the research on individual difference correlates of coronavirus guideline adherence is cross-sectional, leaving prospective associations between these factors unaddressed. Additionally, investigations of prospective predictors of mask-wearing, COVID-19 symptoms, and viral testing remain wanting. Purpose The present study examined prospective relations between demographic factors, personality traits, social cognitions and guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptoms, and viral testing in a U.S. sample (N = 500) during the initial surge of COVID-19 deaths in the United State between late March and early May 2020. Methods Guided by a disposition-belief-motivation framework, correlational analyses, and path models tested associations among baseline personality traits, guideline adherence social cognitions, health beliefs, guideline adherence and follow-up guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptom counts, and 30-day viral testing. Results Modeling results showed greater baseline agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion were associated with more frequent baseline guideline adherence. More liberal political beliefs, greater guideline adherence intentions, and more frequent guideline adherence at baseline predicted more frequent mask-wearing at follow-up. Sex (female), lower perceived health, and greater neuroticism at baseline predicted greater symptom counts at follow-up. Reports of viral testing were quite low (1.80%), yet were consistent with concurrent national reporting and limited availability of testing. Conclusions Results show how inconsistencies and politicization of health policy communication were concomitant with the effects of individual-level political beliefs on mask-wearing during the initial surge. The results further clarify how personality traits related to social responsibility (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness) are associated with following new norms for prescribed behaviors and how symptom reporting can be as much a marker of perceived health as emotional stability.

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“…For example, three studies reported that intention and confidence to perform/maintain a COVID prevention behaviour (self-efficacy) were consistently associated with self-reported behaviour one week later (12-14). Two of these studies also measured action planning and self-monitoring and observed that these constructs predicted distancing behaviour(12, 13). In contrast, there is mixed evidence that risk perception, social and moral norms, and belief in the behaviour’s utility contribute to distancing behaviour, although these are often reported as correlates of COVID prevention behaviours in cross-sectional studies (15-21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020

Ayre

Cvejic

McCaffery

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: In Australia in March 2020 a national public health directive required that non-essential workers stay at home, except for essential activities. These restrictions began easing in May 2020 as community transmission slowed. Purpose: This study investigated changes in COVID-19 prevention behaviours from April-July 2020, and psychosocial predictors of these behaviours. Methods: 1,843 participants in Australia completed a national COVID-19 survey in April, with monthly follow-up over four months. Principal components analysis (PCA) combined self-reported adherence across seven prevention behaviours. Multivariable regression models explored baseline (April) correlates of behaviour in June (a period of low community transmission) and July (a period of increasing community transmission). Results: On average, participants agreed with statements of adherence for all behaviours (means all above 4 out of 7). PCA identified two behaviour types:'distancing' (e.g. staying 1.5m away) and 'hygiene' (e.g. washing hands), explaining 28.3% and 24.2% of variance, respectively. Distancing declined each month (p's<.001), whereas hygiene remained relatively stable. For distancing, stronger perceptions of societal risk, self-efficacy to maintain distancing, and greater perceived social obligation at baseline were associated with adherence in June and July (p's<0.05). For hygiene, the only significant correlate of adherence in June and July was belief that one's actions could prevent infection of family members (p<.001). Conclusions: High adherence to COVID-19 prevention behaviours were reported; however, distancing behaviours tended to decrease over time. Belief in social responsibility may be an important aspect to consider in encouraging distancing behaviours. Different policy approaches may be needed for different behavioural categories.

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Application of the Health Action Process Approach to Social Distancing Behavior During COVID‐19

Cited by 62 publications

References 64 publications

Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge: Prospective Relations between Demographic Factors, Personality Traits, Social Cognitions and Guideline Adherence, Mask Wearing, and Symptoms in a U.S. Sample

COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020

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