Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

Lao, Changshi; Zhao, Nan; Gou, Mengke; Zhou, Guangyu

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01985-0

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…There is a growing number of studies attempting to explain handwashing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic pointing towards the predicting role of various individual-level variables (e.g., social-cognitive or sociodemographic) [3,[7][8][9][10][11] and environmental-level factors (e.g., characteristics of the setting) [14]. However, these Participants were asked to indicate if during the previous week they have usually washed their hands (for at least 20 s, all surfaces of the hands) in the respective situation (with responses ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, the underlying mechanisms through which COVID-19 morbidity and mortality trajectories may affect protective behavior were not investigated. Such mechanisms may include individuals' unconscious processes [25], or they may depend on changes in risk perception [30], risk awareness [7], knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission [8], behavioral intention and action control [11], or other social cognitive variables [9,10,15]. Future research should investigate if pandemic trajectory variables explain protective behavior over and above a set of theory-based predictors of handwashing or can be fully explained by these psychological mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of studies using self-report measures of handwashing behaviors indicated that existing tools focus either on overall frequency of handwashing (i.e., the number of occasions of handwashing for > 20 s per day) or on adherence to handwashing during preselected situations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. No measure assessing handwashing adherence across all 8 situations listed in the WHO guidelines was identified.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, measures assessing handwashing behavior typically do not account for adherence across all 8 situations specified by the WHO [1]. Instead, they usually refer to 1-3 selected situations only (e.g., after coughing or returning home) or assess washing/sanitizing hands 'regularly' [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries

et al. 2021

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people’s engagement in health behaviors, especially those that protect individuals from SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as handwashing/sanitizing. This study investigated whether adherence to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) handwashing guidelines (the outcome variable) was associated with the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by the following 6 indicators: (i) the number of new cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a country-level mean calculated for the 14 days prior to data collection), (ii) total cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality accumulated since the onset of the pandemic, and (iii) changes in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a difference between country-level COVID-19 morbidity/mortality in the previous 14 days compared to cases recorded 14–28 days earlier). Methods The observational study (#NCT04367337) enrolled 6064 adults residing in Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Data on handwashing adherence across 8 situations (indicated in the WHO guidelines) were collected via an online survey (March–July 2020). Individual-level handwashing data were matched with the date- and country-specific values of the 6 indices of the trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic, obtained from the WHO daily reports. Results Multilevel regression models indicated a negative association between both accumulation of the total cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = −.041, SE = .013, p = .013) and mortality (B = −.036, SE = .014 p = .002) and handwashing. Higher levels of total COVID-related morbidity and mortality were related to lower handwashing adherence. However, increases in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = .014, SE = .007, p = .035) and mortality (B = .022, SE = .009, p = .015) were associated with higher levels of handwashing adherence. Analyses controlled for participants’ COVID-19-related situation (their exposure to information about handwashing, being a healthcare professional), sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status), and country-level variables (strictness of containment and health policies, human development index). The models explained 14–20% of the variance in handwashing adherence. Conclusions To better explain levels of protective behaviors such as handwashing, future research should account for indicators of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration Clinical Trials.Gov, #NCT04367337

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries

et al. 2021

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“…Although some previous research indicates that outcome expectations are unrelated to the ability to change behaviour, it has been suggested that further validation be conducted because outcome expectations have varying effects across fields of study (Lao et al, 2021). Thus, this research proposes the following hypothesis:…”

Section: Outcome Expectancies and Preventive Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Closer Look on Health Risk Attitude and Its Relationship towards Stress-Related Behaviour among Youth

Idris¹,

Yussof²,

Razak³

2021

IJARBSS

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COVID-19 outbreak has created tremendous implications for the entire world population. It has caused many to lose their jobs, precarious health, family problem, and many more. The stress resulting from this pandemic has disrupted the emotional well-being of individuals such as depression. The identification of youth behavior towards health risk such as depression is vital important as it need to be address to ensure our future human capital mentally equips with positive mental health that shall lead to positive attitude and resilience in their future endeavour. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that may contribute towards the preventive behavior of stress-related behaviour namely depression among youth by adopting the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theory. It is important to see the pattern of this behavioural element from risk perspective among future human capitals as it shall reflects on the productivity and competency of our future workforce in the years to come. This study applies analysis technique using SmartPLS 3.4 version involving 186 respondent among youth of 15-30 years old in Malaysia. This study partially adopted HAPA as main underlying framework to further explained the variables involved.

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Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID‐related handwashing behaviours: A systematic review

Leonard,

O'Connor,

Hanratty

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures. One commonly recommended measure to limit risk of infection is frequent handwashing. It is important to identify those factors that can predict the uptake and maintenance of handwashing.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify and synthesise the evidence on malleable psychological and psychosocial factors that determine uptake and adherence to handwashing aimed at reducing the risk of infection or transmission of COVID‐19.Search MethodsWe searched various literature sources including electronic databases (Medline ALL, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, ERIC, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Web of Science), web searches, conference proceedings, government reports, other repositories of literature and grey literature. The search strategy was built around three concepts of interest including (1) context (terms relating to COVID‐19), (2) behaviour of interest and (3) terms related to psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID Health‐Related Behaviours and adherence or compliance with handwashing, to capture malleable determines. Searches capture studies up until October 2021.Selection CriteriaEligibility criteria included observational studies (both retrospective and prospective) and experimental studies that measure and report malleable psychological and psychosocial determinants and handwashing at an individual level, amongst the general public. Screening was supported by the Cochrane Crowd. Titles and abstracts were screened against the eligibility criteria by three independent screeners. Following this, all potentially relevant studies were screened at full‐text level by the research team. All conflicts between screeners were resolved by discussion between the core research team.Data Collection and AnalysisAll data extraction was managed in EPPI‐Reviewer software. All eligible studies, identified through full‐text screening were extracted by one author. We extracted data on study information, population, determinant, behaviour and effects. A second author checked data extraction on 20% of all included papers. All conflicts were discussed by the two authors until consensus was reached.We assessed methodological quality of all included studies using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies.Main ResultsOur initial searches yielded 23,587 results, of which 56 studies were included in this review. The included studies were cross sectional in design, came from 22 countries and had a combined sample of 199,376 participants. The vast majority of studies had samples from the general public, with eight of the studies focusing on specific samples. All included studies considered people over the age of 18. The quality of the majority of the studies was good (n = 30 rated low risk of bias), with 8 rated high risk of bias, predominately due to lack of reporting of recruitment, sample characteristics and methodology. Thirty‐four studies were included in the narrative synthesis and 28 in the meta‐analysis.Findings indicated that emotions about COVID‐19 (worry [0.381, confidence interval [CI] = 0.270–0.482, I2 = 92%) and anxiety (0.308, CI = 0.154–0.448, I2 = 91%]), knowledge of COVID‐19 (0.323, CI = 0.223–0.417, I2 = 94%), and perceived social norms (0.303, CI = 0.184–0.413, I2 = 92%) were among the malleable determinants most associated with handwashing. Perceived severity (0.006, CI = ‐0.011–0.023) and susceptibility of COVID‐19 (0.041, CI = −0.034 to 0.115) had little to no effect on handwashing behaviour.Authors' ConclusionsUnderstanding the effects of various malleable determinants on COVID‐related handwashing can aid in the development and implementation of interventions and public health campaigns to promote handwashing behaviour in potential new waves of COVID‐19 or other respiratory infections. Emotions about COVID, knowledge of COVID and perceived social norms warrant further consideration in future research and policy.

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Using the health action process approach to predict facemask use and hand washing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries

The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries

A Closer Look on Health Risk Attitude and Its Relationship towards Stress-Related Behaviour among Youth

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID‐related handwashing behaviours: A systematic review

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