Application of the Gamma Camera to Studies of Flow and Mixing in Reactor Vessels

Castellana, Frank S.; Spencer, Jordan L.; Cartolano, Anthony

doi:10.1021/i160074a017

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Its principles of operation have been described previously (Castellana, et al, 1980;Castellana, et al, 1984). Briefly, gamma rays emitted by the radionuclide pass through a parallel-hole lead collimator and strike the face of a 25.7 em diameter sodium iodide crystal above which is an hexagonal array of 37 photomultiplier tubes.…”

Section: Gamma Camera Lmaqinq Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Particle Motion in Fluid-Solid Systems Using a Gamma Camera

Castellana

Dudley

1984

Chemical Engineering Communications

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A new approach is presented for the characterization of particle motion in fluid-solid systems based on dynamic imaging with a gamma scintillation camera. A two-dimensional spouted bed of 200-500 micron diameter anion exchange resin beads was used as a test system. One or several beads were radiolabeled with the 140 keV gamma emitting radionuclide 99m-Tc pertechnetate, and particle velocity, particle path, the spatial distribution of particle residence times, and local bed density were determined from the measured temporal and spatial distributions of particle activity. While care must be exercised in the interpretation of data when the scale for changes in the spatial distribution of activity approaches the limits of camera resolution, the method is quantitative, non-invasive, and well suited to the study of systems having symmetry in one spatial dimension.

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Section: Gamma Camera Lmaqinq Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Particle Motion in Fluid-Solid Systems Using a Gamma Camera

Castellana

Dudley

1984

Chemical Engineering Communications

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“…such detailed information may be obtained using radionuclide tracers and a gamma camera (Castellana et al, 1980a). The experimental technique provides a visual description of flow patterns, as well as data characterizing the temporal distribution of tracer within arbitarily defined subregions of a flow system.…”

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Characterization of mixing in reactor systems through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera

Castellana¹,

Friedman²,

Spencer³

1984

AIChE Journal

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A new approach to the characterization of flow patterns and mixing through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera is presented. Studies performed in a small, two‐dimensional, multiple‐inlet vessel demonstrate the experimental technique and how data are analyzed to determine the intravessel spatial distribution of fluid deriving from the traced stream. Good agreement is shown between calculated values of the flow distribution and visually observed flow patterns.

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Reconstruction of oil saturation distribution histories during immiscible liquid‐liquid displacement by computer‐assisted tomography

et al. 1984

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Range3 223.15 0.4622 -0.0308 2.0 48.7-292.3 248.15 0.8968 -0.0273 1.9 55.7-391.2 273.15 1.1763 -0.0241 0.4 25.0-393.8 298.15 1.4513 -0.0221 0.9 0.1-353.5 0.1-392.4 3%. 15 1.7746 -0.0206 0.9 Values obtained by expressing h (l@D/rn*.~-~) as a linear function of (P/MPa). Lowest experimental pressure ( M R ) for which D ir prrdicted within eiprrmrntal uncertainty by Eq I , and highest erprirnental pressure. *Mean deviation (%)of experimental poinb from values calculated from equatiom to the lines d bpst fit.temperatures are plotted in Figure 1. The variation of D with P for n-hexane is typical normal liquid behavior. The slopes of the curves decrease considerably with increasing pressure, particularly at elevated temperatures. Clearly the pressure dependence of D is so strong that if data were available up to only 200 MPa, for example, it would be difficult to reliably extrapolate the curves to much higher pressures. The data at each temperature could no doubt be fitted to functions such as polynomials in P for extrapolation purposes, but (depending on the order of the polynomial) a considerable number of data points may be required, so that polynomials have limited value as predictive functions. Fits of the n-hexane data to Eq. 1 are shown in Figure 2, which demonstrates that apart from the low pressure (<50 MPa) region at low temperatures, the plots are linear up to the highest pressures attained in the measurements. The best-fit parameters of Eq. 1 are listed in Table 1. The estimated accuracy of the experimental data is f2.5%, so that for each temperature the mean deviation is smaller than the uncertainty in individual data points. Since Eq. 1 has only two adjustable parameters, as few as two experimental diffusion coefficients at pressures above say 50 MPa are adequate to make good estimates of D at other pressures. The general applicability of Eq. 1 suggests that it can serve also as a useful criterion of normal liquid behavior. The relationship does not hold for tracer and self-diffusion coefficients of water.However, the variation of D with P for water is abnormal in that with increasing pressure D first increases, then subsequently decreases (Woolf, 1975; Woolf and Harris, 1980). Work in progress on tracer diffusion of methanol has revealed a similar anomaly at low temperature. At higher temperature the diffusion of methanol in water approaches normal liquid behavior.

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Application of the Gamma Camera to Studies of Flow and Mixing in Reactor Vessels

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Imaging of Particle Motion in Fluid-Solid Systems Using a Gamma Camera

Imaging of Particle Motion in Fluid-Solid Systems Using a Gamma Camera

Characterization of mixing in reactor systems through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera

Reconstruction of oil saturation distribution histories during immiscible liquid‐liquid displacement by computer‐assisted tomography

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