Application of Testicular Sperm Head Counts in the Assessment of Male Reproductive Toxicity

Blazak, William F.; Treinen, Kimberley A.; Juniewicz, P. E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-461207-5.50009-2

Cited by 95 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Testes were collected from 12-weekold mice killed by cervical dislocation and stored at Ϫ80°C. After thawing, the testes were decapsulated and the parenchyma was homogenized in physiological solution containing 0.05% (vol͞ vol) Triton X-100 (23,24). Homogenization-resistant elongated spermatids were counted in Leja chambers with a phase-contrast microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mice deficient for soluble adenylyl cyclase are infertile because of a severe sperm-motility defect

Esposito

Jaiswal

Xie

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

346

304

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To acquire the ability to fertilize, spermatozoa undergo complex, but at present poorly understood, activation processes. The intracellular rise of cAMP produced by the bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has been suggested to play a central role in initiating the cascade of the events that culminates in spermatozoa maturation. Here, we show that targeted disruption of the sAC gene does not affect spermatogenesis but dramatically impairs sperm motility, leading to male sterility. sAC mutant spermatozoa are characterized by a total loss of forward motility and are unable to fertilize oocytes in vitro. Interestingly, motility in sAC mutant spermatozoa can be restored on cAMP loading, indicating that the motility defect observed is not caused by a structural defect. We, therefore, conclude that sAC plays an essential and nonredundant role in the activation of the signaling cascade controlling motility and, therefore, in fertility. The crucial role of sAC in fertility and the absence of any other obvious pathological abnormalities in sAC-deficient mice may provide a rationale for developing inhibitors that can be applied as a human male contraceptive

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mice deficient for soluble adenylyl cyclase are infertile because of a severe sperm-motility defect

Esposito

Jaiswal

Xie

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

346

304

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“…Briefly, mouse testes were homogenized in an 8 ml solution of 0.9 % NaCl and 0.05 % Triton X-100, and sperm heads were counted using a hemocytometer [18]. Each sample was counted four times and averaged.…”

Section: Testicular Sperm Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis

Talebi

Khorsandi

Moridian³

2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

126

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Objective To evaluate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis. Methods Thirty two adult male NMRI mice were used. Experimental Groups (ZNP-1-ZNP-3) received one of the following treatments daily for 35 days: 5, 50 and 300 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles respectively. Control group received only distilled water. Epididymal sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, morphometric analysis and spermatogenesis assessments were performed for evaluation of the zinc oxide nanoparticles effects on testis. Results Epididymal sperm parameters including sperm number, motility and percentage of abnormality were significantly changed in 50 and 300 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles treated mice (p<0.01). Histopathological criteria such as epithelial vacuolization, sloughing of germ and detachment were significantly increased in 50 and 300 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles treated mice (p<0.001). 300 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles induced formation of multinucleated giant cells in the germinal epithelium. 50 and 300 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticles also caused a significant decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous epithelium height and maturation arrest (p<0.001). Conclusion Zinc oxide nanoparticles act as testicular toxicant and further studies are needed to establish its mechanism of action upon spermatogenesis.

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“…Briefly, mouse testes were homogenized in an 8 mL solution of 0.9% NaCl and 0.05% Triton X-100, and sperm heads were counted using a hemocytometer (Blazak et al, 1993). Each sample was counted four times and averaged.…”

Section: Testicular Sperm Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%