“…[23][24][25] Concerning the effect of ZnO NP on male reproduction, it has been reported that these NPs can act as a testicular toxicant. [26][27][28] Ji et al have reported that LCs exposed to 10/20 μM of cadmium (Cd) had reduced levels of steroid hormone due to inhibition of activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A, protein kinase C signaling pathway, and the steroidogenic enzymes StAR, CYP11A1, and 3β-HSD. 26 Also, Talebi et al reported that epithelial vacuolization, sloughing of germ cells, and detachment of mice were significantly increased after treatment with ZnO NPs, and also, ZnO NPs caused a significant decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous epithelium height, and maturation arrest.…”