“…The radiolabeling with 99m Tc by the direct via showed to be efficient and very useful. Also, the data showed that both nanosystems are very stable in a period of 24hs, probably due the main mechanisms involved in this process: the chemisorption and the physisorption of 99m Tc on the nanosystem [ 74 , 75 ]. This data corroborates the use of this technique for tracking nanoparticles in many circumstances.…”
The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has put the world in an unprecedented scenario. To reestablish the world routine as promote the effective treatment of this disease, the world is looking for new (and old) drug that can efficiently kill the virus. In this study, we have developed two nanosystems: polymeric nanoparticles and nanomicelles-based on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. The nanosystem was fully characterized by AFM and DLS techniques. Also, the nanosystems were radiolabeled with
99m
Tc and pulmonary applied (installation) in vivo to evaluate the biological behavior. The toxicity of both nanosystem were evaluated in primary cells (FGH). Finally, both nanosystems were evaluated in vitro against the SARS-CoV-2. The results demonstrated that the methodology used to produce the nanomicelles and the nanoparticle was efficient, the characterization showed a nanoparticle with a spherical shape and a medium size of 390 nm and a nanomicelle also with a spherical shape and a medium size of 602 nm. The nanomicelles were more efficient (~ 70%) against SARS-CoV-2 than the nanoparticles. The radiolabeling process with
99m
Tc was efficient (> 95%) in both nanosystems and the pulmonary application demonstrated to be a viable route for both nanosystems with a local retention time of approximately, 24 h. None of the nanosystems showed cytotoxic effect on FGH cells, even in high doses, corroborating the safety of both nanosystems. Thus, claiming the benefits of the nanotechnology, especially with regard the reduced adverse we believe that the use of nanosystems for COVID-19 treatment can be an optimized choice.
Graphical abstract
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40097-022-00476-3.
“…The radiolabeling with 99m Tc by the direct via showed to be efficient and very useful. Also, the data showed that both nanosystems are very stable in a period of 24hs, probably due the main mechanisms involved in this process: the chemisorption and the physisorption of 99m Tc on the nanosystem [ 74 , 75 ]. This data corroborates the use of this technique for tracking nanoparticles in many circumstances.…”
The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has put the world in an unprecedented scenario. To reestablish the world routine as promote the effective treatment of this disease, the world is looking for new (and old) drug that can efficiently kill the virus. In this study, we have developed two nanosystems: polymeric nanoparticles and nanomicelles-based on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. The nanosystem was fully characterized by AFM and DLS techniques. Also, the nanosystems were radiolabeled with
99m
Tc and pulmonary applied (installation) in vivo to evaluate the biological behavior. The toxicity of both nanosystem were evaluated in primary cells (FGH). Finally, both nanosystems were evaluated in vitro against the SARS-CoV-2. The results demonstrated that the methodology used to produce the nanomicelles and the nanoparticle was efficient, the characterization showed a nanoparticle with a spherical shape and a medium size of 390 nm and a nanomicelle also with a spherical shape and a medium size of 602 nm. The nanomicelles were more efficient (~ 70%) against SARS-CoV-2 than the nanoparticles. The radiolabeling process with
99m
Tc was efficient (> 95%) in both nanosystems and the pulmonary application demonstrated to be a viable route for both nanosystems with a local retention time of approximately, 24 h. None of the nanosystems showed cytotoxic effect on FGH cells, even in high doses, corroborating the safety of both nanosystems. Thus, claiming the benefits of the nanotechnology, especially with regard the reduced adverse we believe that the use of nanosystems for COVID-19 treatment can be an optimized choice.
Graphical abstract
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40097-022-00476-3.
“…In nanoparticle preparation, polymers, such as poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), alginate, and others, can all be employed. , Due to the advantages of nanoparticle systems, intensive studies are carried out on the use of PLA/PVA nanoparticles as a drug delivery system . Herein, PLA/PVA nanoparticle formulations were prepared as a drug delivery system with an optimum amount and appropriate methods by selecting PLA, a renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and widely used polymer with good mechanical and optical properties, and PVA, a biodegradable and widely used polymer, which is water-soluble and hydrophilic, has excellent film-forming, emulsifying, and adhesive properties, and is harmless and non-toxic for living tissues. , …”
The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate the
potential
use of poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PLA/PVA) nanoparticle
formulations as a drug delivery system. The nanoparticle formulations
were successfully developed by the double emulsification/solvent evaporation
method. The developed formulations were optimized using the quality
by design approach of the ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guideline.
In the studies, the effects of emulsifying devices, evaporation technique,
centrifugation effect, and polymer concentrations on the physicochemical
parameters of the formulations were investigated to obtain the best
results. Furthermore, the prepared formulations were evaluated for
clarity, particle size, distribution, zeta potential, surface and
morphological features, preparation efficiency, and long-term stability.
Based on the obtained results, the nanoparticle formulation containing
12.5% PLA, 1% primer, and seconder PVA has a suitable particle size
(181.7 ± 2.194 nm) and distribution (0.104 ± 0.049), zeta
potential (−0.88 ± 0.45 mV), and high preparation efficiency
(65.38%), and nanoparticles were spherical, had a smooth surface,
and were stable up to 12 months. In conclusion, this novel formulation
can be used as a potential drug delivery system.
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