Application of synthesized copper nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Ziziphus mauritiana L. leaves as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of Ag+

Abstract

The presented work demonstrates the preparation of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) via aqueous leaves extract of Ziziphus mauritiana L. (Zm) using hydrazine as a reducing agent. Various parameters such as volume of extract, concentration of hydrazine hydrate, concentration of copper chloride, and pH of the solution were optimized to obtain Ziziphus mauritiana L. leaves extract derived copper nanoparticles (Zm-CuNPs). Brownish red color was initial indication of the formation of Zm-CuNPs while it was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at wavelength of 584 nm using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Synthesized Zm-CuNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). AFM images showed that the particle size of Zm-CuNPs was from 7 to 17 nm with an average size of 11.3 nm. Fabricated sensor (Zm-CuNPs) were used as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of Ag+ at a linear range between 0.67 × 10–6 – 9.3 × 10–6 with R2 value of 0.992. For real water samples, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) for Ag+ was found to be 330 × 10–9 and 100 × 10–9, respectively.

Perilla frutescens (Linn.) Britt Leaves Extract Mediated Green Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro Biological Activities and Embryo Toxicity of Copper Nanoparticles

“…Much similar to our present results, Mali et al [26] . and Memon et al [38] . reported neutral pH (pH 7) as the optimum for the biosynthesis of CuNPs from the leaves extract.…”

“…In the present study, stable formation of CuNPs was observed at pH 8 (Figure 1d) whereas aggregation was noticed at pH 9 and 10. Much similar to our present results, Mali et al [26] and Memon et al [38] reported neutral pH (pH 7) as the optimum for the biosynthesis of CuNPs from the leaves extract. Thus, the optimum medium (50 ml) containing 12 ml of leaves extract and 10 mM CuSO 4 ⋅ 5H 2 O turned into green color within 24 h at pH 8, indicating the formation of CuNPs.…”

“…[26] The average size of CuNPs was found to be 33.3 nm under AFM study (Figure 2). Using Ziziphus mauritiana L. leaves extract, Memon et al [38] have observed almost three fold decreased sizes (11.3 nm) of CuNPs than our present study. The crystalline phase of bioinspired CuNPs was studied through HR-XRD.…”

“…In case of leaves extract, 12 ml (Figure 1c) was found to be optimum. In a similar line, Memon et al [38] have also optimized CuCl 2 , leaves extract, hydrazine hydrate and pH for the biogenic ChemistrySelect synthesis of smaller sized CuNPs. It is well known that pH plays a crucial role in nanoparticles formation and stability.…”

Green synthesis of MgO nanocatalyst by using Ziziphus mauritiana leaves and seeds for biodiesel production

“…[ 25 ] Z. mauritiana is a potential plant both for food and phytomedicine applications The phytochemical analyses of Zizyphus mauritiana L leaves extract has already been investigated by many groups revealing that it contains a substantial amount of phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, proteins, and amino acids. [ 26 ] Plenty of studies have been conducted for the synthesis of silver [ 27 ],[ 28 ] gold, [ 29 ] copper, [ 30 ] and zinc [ 31 ] NPs using Z. mauritiana L. leaves extract.…”