Application of Strut-and-Tie Model for seismic design of confined masonry shear walls

Analysis and Design of Confined Masonry Structures: Review and Future Research Directions

“…Previous studies have used the Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) to analyze wall-type structures, considering them as analogous to deep beams, where the entire wall serves as the D region in accordance with St. Venant's Principle. Past literature [8,85,92,[98][99][100] suggests using the STM analysis for CM walls subjected to lateral loading, where the wall is modeled as a pin-jointed structural truss with both tension and compression members (Figure 8c). No specific guidelines have been provided on how to develop an STM for walls with openings.…”

“…Brzev and Gavilán [99] and Brzev [100] demonstrated the use of STM in a fourstory two-bay CM wall, where one bay contained a wall with an opening on each story. However, the study disregarded the strut action of the walls with openings and only analyzed the structure for the given story shear forces.…”

“…Design codes for CM buildings have been developed in some countries. Further, several guidelines have been established over the years to provide fundamental information on CM and encourage its use in construction, as shown in Table 2 [7,59,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130]. In many other countries, CM buildings are constructed using basic guidelines without the development of any formal building codes.…”

“…Design codes and guidelines for CM[7,59,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132].…”

Effect of Link location, support and joint with Graphene base dampers for Seismic Stability on Metallic Structure

“…The Indian subcontinent have also faced heavy devastating earthquakes like Bhuj Earthquake (2001), Indian ocean Tsunami (2004), Kashmir Earthquake (2005) which resulted in great loss of citizen and infrastructure of respective nation. Since, earthquake is unavoidable, and the lives are lost not because of earthquake but because of the adverse effects created by earthquake which mainly includes destruction of buildings due to ground shaking [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The condition of failure of building when earthquake struck the foundation of building, the forces which are generated under the ground because of earthquake, forces are transferred to the building through foundation.…”