Application of Step-Scan Interferometry to Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Infrared (2D FT-IR) Correlation Spectroscopy

Palmer, Richard A.; Manning, Christopher J.; Ji, Chao; Noda, Isao; Dowrey, Anthony E.; Marcott, Curtis

doi:10.1366/0003702914337803

Cited by 114 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Early work by Stein and coworker, 6,7 Siesler,11,12 Hayes and coworkers, [13][14][15][16][17][18] and Zawada and coworkers 19,20 as well as recent work by Nakashima and coworkers, 21,22 Wang and coworkers, [23][24][25][26][27] and Pellerin and coworkers 28 -33 have explored the various aspects of the use of FTIR spectroscopy to characterize orientation in complex polymers. Noda et al 34 were the first to incorporate polarization modulation with dynamic sample perturbation for direct measurement of dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheooptical Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the deformation behavior in quenched and slow‐cooled isotactic polypropylene films

Parthasarthy

Sevegney

Kannan

2002

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Emerging technological applications for complex polymers require insight into the dynamics of these materials from a molecular and nanostructural viewpoint. To characterize the orientational response at these length scales, we developed a versatile rheooptical Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer by combining rheometry, polarimetry, and FTIR spectroscopy. This instrument is capable of measuring linear infrared dichroism spectra during both small-strain dynamic deformation and large-strain irreversible deformation over a wide temperature range. The deformation response of quenched and slow-cooled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is investigated. In quenched iPP, under dynamic oscillatory strain at an amplitude of ϳ0.1%, the dichroism from the orientation of the amorphous chains is appreciably less than that from the crystalline region. At large irreversible strains, we measured the dichroic response for 12 different peaks simultaneously and quantitatively. The dichroism from the crystalline peaks is strong as compared to amorphous peaks. In the quenched sample, the dichroism from the crystalline region saturates at 50% strain, followed by a significant increase in the amorphous region dichroism. This is consistent with the notion that the crystalline regions respond strongly before the yield point, whereas the majority of postyielding orientation occurs in the amorphous region. Our results also suggest that the 841 cm Ϫ1 peak may be especially sensitive to the 'smectic' region orientation in the quenched sample. The response of the slow-cooled sample at 70°C is qualitatively similar but characterized by a stronger crystalline region dichroism and a weaker amorphous region dichroism, consistent with the higher crystallinity of this sample, and faster chain relaxation at 70°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheooptical Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the deformation behavior in quenched and slow‐cooled isotactic polypropylene films

Parthasarthy

Sevegney

Kannan

2002

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…A second, faster, modulation, independent of the interferometer scanning, can therefore be introduced and used as the signal carrier. [6][7][8] This second modulation can be induced in the sample itself, as in polymer rheo-optical studies. 6,7 For photoacoustic spectroscopy, it is best to modulate the infrared beam via phase modulation, 6,8 in which an interferometer mirror dithers to oscillate the retardation about the set point of each interferometer step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Depth Profiling of Layered Samples Using Phase-Modulation FT-IR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Jones

McClelland

1996

Appl Spectrosc

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In phase-modulation FT-IR spectroscopy, all wavelengths in a spectrum are modulated at the same frequency and in phase. This factor makes the use of photoacoustic phase data for depth profiling samples much easier in phase modulation than in rapid scan. A method to quantitatively measure layer thickness by using the phase of a substrate spectrum peak is demonstrated with a series of samples consisting of thin polymer films on substrates. Additions to the basic method are demonstrated that extend its application to cases where the substrate peak is overlapped by a spectrum peak of the surface film. A linear relationship between phase angle and layer thickness extending to thicknesses greater than twice the thermal diffusion length is demonstrated. Representations of phase modulation data as a family of angle-specific spectra, as magnitude vs. phase curves, and as a power spectrum and phase spectrum pair, each of which is useful for different aspects of depth profiling, are discussed. Calculating these representations from a single pair of orthogonal interferograms is described. In phase-modulation FT-IR spectroscopy, all wavelengths in a spectrum are modulated at the same frequency and in phase. This factor makes the use of photoacoustic phase data for depth profiling samples much easier in phase modulation than in rapid scan. A method to quantitatively measure layer thickness by using the phase of a substrate spectrum peak is demonstrated with a series of samples consisting of thin polymer films on substrates. Additions to the basic method are demonstrated that extend its application to cases where the substrate peak is overlapped by a spectrum peak of the surface film. A linear relationship between phase angle and layer thickness extending to thicknesses greater than twice the thermal diffusion length is demonstrated. Representations of phase modulation data as a family of angle-specific spectra, as magnitude vs. phase curves, and as a power spectrum and phase spectrum pair, each of which is useful for different aspects of depth profiling, are discussed. Calculating these representations from a single pair of orthogonal interferograms is described. Keywords

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“…The radio-frequency 2D NMR was rapidly extended to 2D FT microwave spectroscopy [61,62], 2D FT Raman spectra of magnetic sublevels in atomic vapors [63,64], and 2D IR spectroscopy [65,66,67]. In early 2D IR spectra, an outer product was used to display correlation among a series of perturbed 1D optical spectra [66], without information on spectral relaxation.…”

Section: Development Of Ir and Optical 2d Ftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarized Optical Two-dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Semiconductors

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Cundiff³

et al. 2006

15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena

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Application of Step-Scan Interferometry to Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Infrared (2D FT-IR) Correlation Spectroscopy

Cited by 114 publications

References 35 publications

Rheooptical Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the deformation behavior in quenched and slow‐cooled isotactic polypropylene films

Rheooptical Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the deformation behavior in quenched and slow‐cooled isotactic polypropylene films

Quantitative Depth Profiling of Layered Samples Using Phase-Modulation FT-IR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Polarized Optical Two-dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Semiconductors

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