“…Several factors influence the sensing ability of portable devices, including the composition of the sensor, structural features, surface of the transducer, recognition element, type of target/analyte, and efficiency of the protocol. General advantages of portable devices such as fluorescence, colorimetric, and electrochemical sensors/biosensors for real‐time monitoring include reduced cost, enhanced sensitivity, ease of use, improved selectivity, reduced detection time, portability, miniaturization, desired selection of the transducer surface, compatibility of biosensors and sensors, and ultimate market competitiveness (Cassedy et al., 2020; Deng et al., 2018; Duan et al., 2022; Kalyani et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2022; Rateni et al., 2017; Roy et al., 2022; Umapathi et al., 2021; Umapathi, Ghoreishian, et al., 2022; Umapathi, Park, et al., 2022; Wei et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2017).…”