Application of remote sensing and GIS for assessing and proposing mitigation measures in flood-affected urban areas, Egypt

Hermas, ElSayed; Gaber, Ahmed; Bastawesy, Mohammed El

doi:10.1016/j.ejrs.2020.03.002

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…6). Consequently, flash floods and wastewater pools in these areas will have high a negative impact on urban infrastructure and human life (Elsayed et al 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Megahed

BastaWesy

2020

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background This paper discusses the hydrological problems assessment of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater in selected urban areas of Greater Cairo using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The integration of hydrogeological and geomorphological analyses with the fieldwork of drainage basins (Wadi Degla) hosting these urban areas endeavors to provide the optimum mitigation measures that can be feasibly taken to achieve sustainability of the urban areas and water resources available. Results Landsat 5 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were obtained shortly before and after flash flood events and were downloaded and analyzed to define the active channels, urban interference, storage areas, and the natural depressions response. The quantitative flash flood estimates include total GSMap meteorological data sets, parameters of rainfall depths from remote sensing data, active channel area from satellite images, and storage areas that flooded. In GIS, digital elevation model was used to estimate the hydrographic parameters: flow direction within the catchment, flow accumulation, time zone of the catchment, and estimating of the water volume in the largely inundated depressions. Conclusions Based on the results obtained from the study of available satellite images, it has been shown that there are two significant hydrological problems, including the lack of flash flood mitigation measures for urban areas, as the wastewater depressions and sanitary facilities are dotting in the downstream areas.

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“…6). Consequently, flash floods and wastewater pools in these areas will have high a negative impact on urban infrastructure and human life (Elsayed et al 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Megahed

BastaWesy

2020

Bull Natl Res Cent

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“…The flood hazard for a sub-basin and for its existing road increases as the morphometric number increases [3], [13]- [19]. The second group based on the idea that the higher the runoff volume is in a sub-basin, the more hazard there will be on roads in that sub-basin [20] [21]. The third group considers the runoff water depth in the streams as a flood risk indicator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to determine the flood hazard impact on road network using 3D city model

Khalil

2022

JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences

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Flash flood in urban area strikes mainly the road network. In fact, the streets during flood act as streams or overland flow paths. This jams the traffic, stops the public services, and interrupts the economic activities. Previous studies have treated floods in urban areas as if they were occurring in rural areas. This study presents a new approach that treats the road network as the path of the flash flood water. The new approach uses a 3D city model as the basis for hydrology analysis. This approach regards the building and the streets as part of the terrain that results in water flowing through the streets as it does in reality. The depth of flood water in the streets is calculated and used as a risk factor. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies are used to obtain and prepare the required input data for the hydraulic model. Various flood scenarios were investigated for different return periods and flood risk code maps for the road network were generated. The obtained results showed that 41.2% of the road network in the study area is under high flood risk from fairly frequent rainfall events, and this percentage reaches 80% to 90% for low frequent flood events (50 years and 100 years flood). The new approach was evaluated by comparing the derived results with actual flood data and had an accuracy of 77%. The results of this study may help decision makers to take the necessary actions to protect people and property.

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“…This fact has become a challenge for different scientific disciplines that evaluate and quantify up to what extent the changes in flood risk and the frequency of floods are the result of the level of hazard and/or vulnerability (Mavhura et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2020). However, different studies demonstrated that the current trend of floods is mostly associated to land use cover change (LUCC) and urban growth in hydrological basins (Solín et al, 2011;Tarigan, 2016;Erena, & Worku, 2019;Rubinato et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Flores et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Hermas et al, 2021). Nevertheless, other authors suggest that floods are the result solely on the hazard that represent heavy rains without considering the context in which disasters occur (Ochoa-Rodríguez et al, 2015;Salack et al, 2018;Bandaru et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new model to analyze urban flood risk. Case study: Veracruz, Mexico

Zúñiga¹,

Casanova²,

Domínguez³

et al. 2022

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Due to their frequency and magnitude, urban floods affect different regions of the world. For this reason, several methodologies integrate information on hazard (H) and vulnerability (V) using a "Classic" Risk (R) model for risk analysis. However, this combination of variables generally overestimates the risk in places where the frequency of flooding is low. In this work we propose a model that we call Adjusted Risk (AR) that integrates values of urban proximity (p) to bodies of water, as a tool to assess the risk of floods. The comparison between the R and AR models showed a higher efficiency of AR to reproduce the frequency of floods for 210 cities in Veracruz, while R overestimated the level of risk in cities with low frequency of floods. The correlation values associated with the frequency of flood events for a period of 45 years (1970-2015), allow to establish the utility of the AR model to evaluate the risk of urban floods when using different scales of analysis.

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Application of remote sensing and GIS for assessing and proposing mitigation measures in flood-affected urban areas, Egypt

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

A new approach to determine the flood hazard impact on road network using 3D city model

A new model to analyze urban flood risk. Case study: Veracruz, Mexico

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