Application of quantum dot‐based biosensor to the conjunctiva in Wistar albino rats

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross, ultrastructural, and histological characterizations of pecten oculi of the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus): New insights into its scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis

Kandyel

Basyouny

Morsy

et al. 2022

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“…The morphological description of the eye was attractive to numerous ophthalmic researchers (Bassuoni et al, 2021; El‐Bakary & Abumandour, 2017; Nur et al, 2019), especially the wild animals (Aboelnour et al, 2020; Peter‐Ajuzie et al, 2021). The pecten oculi are not observed in any vertebrate species aside from avian (Abumandour et al, 2021; Ince et al, 2017; Yilmaz et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological features of the pecten oculi of the European wild quail (Coturnix coturnix): Adaptative habits to Northern Egyptian coast with novel vision to its SEM–EDX analysis

Abumandour

Morsy

Hanafy

2022

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The present investigation was prepared to give a complete ultrastructural characterization of the pecten oculi of the diurnal European wild Quail to describe their adaptation habits to the Northern Egyptian coast. Our work declares the first endeavor is the elemental analysis using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM–EDX) to show the migration effect on their eye. The intra‐ocular quadrilateral trapezoid black pigmented plicated type pecten oculi were observed on the postero‐inferior wall of the eyeball with craniocaudal and posterio‐anterior directions along the fetal fissure. The pecten oculi consist of three parts: the basal, body, and apical. The basal part originated behind the optic nerve, forming the slightly elevated border, while the apical part was directed toward the ciliary body. There are 10–11 pleats with interpleat space. The coiled surface refers to numerous capillary vessels. The smooth head of each pleat was kidney‐like, strongly attached to a bridge. The vitreopecteneal limiting membrane separated the pecten oculi from the vitreous body. There are numerous melanosomes and little hyalocytes on the pecteneal pleat's outer surfaces. The thick basal part of each pleat had numerous thick longitudinal microfolds that refer to the numerous blood capillaries attached to the retina as supporting roots. SEM/EDX elemental analysis revealed that carbon is the highest element (half), while oxygen represents about one‐third. In the meantime, the lowest element is the phosphate at the apical part, while the lowest element in the rest is the sulfate. Finally, the pecten oculi are thought to be a reflection of the avian lifestyle and ecological adaptations. Highlights Our work is the first description of the elemental analysis using SEM–EDX to show the migration effect on their eye. The quadrilateral trapezoid black pigmented plicated type pecten oculi were observed on the postero‐inferior wall of the eyeball with cranio‐caudal and posterio‐anterior directions along the fetal fissure. The basal part of the pecten oculi originated behind the optic nerve, forming the slightly elevated border, while the apical part was directed toward the ciliary body. There are 10–11 pleats with interpleat space. The vitreopecteneal limiting membrane separated the pecten oculi from the vitreous body. There are numerous melanosomes and little hyalocytes on the pecteneal pleat's outer surfaces. SEM/EDX elemental analysis revealed that carbon is the highest element (half percent), while oxygen represents about one‐third of the element's percent meanwhile, the lowest element is phosphate at the apical part, while the lowest element in the rest is the sulfate.

“…The anatomy of the eye's anatomical adaptation to varied ecological contexts has long puzzled ophthalmologists researching anatomy (Aboelnour et al, 2020; Nur et al, 2019; Peter‐Ajuzie et al, 2021), especially for the avian eye that was suited to various environmental and climatic conditions (Bassuoni et al, 2021). The bird's eye serves a variety of functional purposes, including reproduction, avoiding predatory birds or animals, and seeking out rewarding food particles (Bassuoni et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pecten oculi of kestrel (Falco tinnunculus rupicolaeformes) and little owl (Athene noctua glaux): Scanning electron microscopy and histology with unique insights into SEM–EDX elemental analysis

Gewily,

Shalaby,

Abumandour

et al. 2023

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There is scanty data about the comparative morphological features between the pecten oculi of two carnivorous birds with different visual active clock hours: the diurnal common kestrel and the nocturnal little owl. This study illustrated the comparative gross, scanning electron microscopy, and histological characteristics between pecten oculi of kestrel and little owl. This study first attempts to describe the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive x‐ray (SEM–EDX) elemental analysis at the parts (apex, middle, and base) of the pecten oculi of these two birds. The present study results observed the same position, origin, directions, parts, convoluted outer pleat surfaces, and SEM–EDX elemental analysis, but there were some minor variations due to the different visual active clock hours. These minor variations were summarized in the following points: pleat number (21–23 in the kestrel and 10–11 in the owl), shape (fan rhomboid in the kestrel and accordion in the owl), inter‐pleat spaces (wider in the kestrel than in the owl), pigmentations (highly black pigmented in the owl than in the kestrel), hyalocyte cell aggregations (highest in the middle and dwindling at the apex and base in the kestrel, while highest in the middle and base and dwindling at the apex in the owl), and SEM–EDX elemental analysis percentage. SEM/EDX elemental analysis confirmed the presence of oxygen (the highest one), carbon, nitrogen (the second one), nitrogen (the third one), and aluminum (the lowest one) in varying percentages within the pecten oculi; these findings contribute to our understanding of its structural, adaptations with different visual active clock hours, and functional characteristics.Research Highlights This study compared the pecten oculi of two carnivorous birds with different visual active clock hours: the diurnal common kestrel and the nocturnal little owl. Anatomically, the characteristic features were similar in both the birds, but some minor variations were observed adapted to their visual active clock hours. The pecten oculi of both birds were analyzed using SEM–EDX for elemental analysis, and it revealed that oxygen was the highest elemental concentration, followed by carbon and nitrogen. Aluminum concentrations were small as per SEM–EDX analysis. The study suggested that the pecten oculi of these birds are related to their active visual clocks and adaptive nutritional mechanisms.