Application of quantitative X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) imaging: investigation of Ni‐Cr‐Mo alloys exposed to crevice corrosion solution

Kobe, Brad; Badley, Martin; Henderson, Jeffrey D.; Anderson, Samantha; Biesinger, Mark C.; Shoesmith, D.W.

doi:10.1002/sia.6325

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Ni–Cr–Mo alloys are dominated by Cr-rich films when a critical composition of 10–12 wt % Cr exists in solid solution. − The mechanism as to why Mo is so beneficial to passivation remains less certain . The presence of Mo(VI), Mo(V), and/or Mo(IV) cations in oxides has been observed in stainless steels ,− and Ni-based alloys, ,,− where some Mo-oxides are embedded in the passive layer. The solute vacancy interaction model, an extension of the point defect model, proposes that oxidized Mo is beneficial toward passivity and preventing pitting-type film breakdown because it attracts and captures cation vacancies, thus preventing the formation of detrimental vacancy clusters. , More recently, DFT work demonstrated that Mo stabilizes the adsorption of O on Ni-22 wt % Cr surfaces, thus facilitating oxidation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repassivation Behavior of Individual Grain Facets on Dilute Ni–Cr and Ni–Cr–Mo Alloys in Acidified Chloride Solution

et al. 2018

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The effects of crystal orientation and prior etching on the polarization and repassivation behavior of Ni–Cr and Ni–Cr–Mo alloys have been investigated in acidic chloride environment using dc potentiostatic and ac single-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Tests were conducted within the passive region at potentials where local oxide breakdown was possible. Surface morphologies of grains across a wide range of orientations were measured before and after passivation using atomic force microscopy. Oxide growth was monitored on isolated low- and high-index crystallographic planes as a function of repassivation time, enabling the independent measurement of the oxidation and total anodic current densities. Grains exhibited the tendency to either passivate with significant or minimal oxidation or instead resist active passivation and repassivation. The oxidation performance was a function of the crystallographic orientation of the exposed grain surface. The oxides grown on various-orientated surfaces differed in their film growth kinetics, morphology, and steady state thicknesses, even given similar total anodic current densities due to dissimilar oxidation efficiencies. For Ni-11 wt % Cr, only orientations close to (1 0 1) were able to form stable passive films, aided by nanofaceted surfaces with a matchstick-type morphology. On the other hand, all orientations of the Ni-11 wt % Cr-6 wt % Mo alloys formed electrochemically stable oxides films owing to the beneficial influence of Mo on repassivation. Passivation, breakdown behavior, and oxide properties vary with crystal orientation, and this work provides insight into the effects of crystallographic orientation and oxide film morphology on the passivation mechanism of Ni–Cr and Ni–Cr–Mo alloys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repassivation Behavior of Individual Grain Facets on Dilute Ni–Cr and Ni–Cr–Mo Alloys in Acidified Chloride Solution

et al. 2018

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“…6 For example, in lithium sulfur (Li−S) batteries, Nandasiri et al 7 have performed in situ XPS imaging on lithium electrodes in order to investigate parasitic reactions of electrolyte and polysulfide species with the Li-anode during cycling. XPS imaging has also recently been deployed to study corrosion phenomena of Ni−Cr−Mo alloys 8 and demonstrated to be useful for several industrial applications (such as catalysis processes, biological arrays characterization, etc.). 9 It is worth noting that there are two main methods to perform XPS imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS and SEM-EDX Study of Electrolyte Nature Effect on Li Electrode in Lithium Metal Batteries

Grissa

Fernandez

Fairley

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium batteries is very important to face the major safety issue of lithium dendritic growth during battery charge. The aim of this work is to study the thickness and the chemical nature of the SEI by XPS, as well as their influence on the electrochemical performance of the battery for different liquid organic electrolytes. XPS imaging is also used in this work to get a chemical mapping of the SEI layer components formed on the metallic lithium electrode surface cycled in different conditions. Data processing based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method has been conducted in order to illustrate the SEI layer heterogeneities. The obtained results are compared with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping. Thereby, the benefits and the precision of the XPS imaging technique to identify chemical compounds distribution have been highlighted. These different analyses have led to a better knowledge of the redox processes occurring at the top surface of lithium metal electrodes cycled in different liquid electrolytes.

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“…49, 92, 93 Some samples require handling in a glove box, 92, 94 some may require heating in vacuum to get to the desired state, 92, 95 while others may need cooling to avoid sample alteration or probe damage. 6, 96 XPS data can also be collected in a variety of modes, each with relevant protocols and considerations, 11 including survey (wide scan) spectra, selected-region high energy resolution (narrow scan) spectra, imaging, 88, 97 angle resolved 98 and sometimes the use of ion sputtering for depth profiling. 35 Are reference data or standard materials needed to ensure useful data?…”

Section: Can Xps Provide the Information I Need?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical guides for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: First steps in planning, conducting, and reporting XPS measurements

Baer

Artyushkova

Brundle³

et al. 2019

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

153

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Over the past three decades, the widespread utility and applicability of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in research and applications has made it the most popular and widely used method of surface analysis. Associated with this increased use has been an increase in the number of new or inexperienced users which has led to erroneous uses and misapplications of the method. This article is the first in a series of guides assembled by a committee of experienced XPS practitioners that are intended to assist inexperienced users by providing information about good practices in the use of XPS. This first guide outlines steps appropriate for determining whether XPS is capable of obtaining the desired information, identifies issues relevant to planning, conducting and reporting an XPS measurement, and identifies sources of practical information for conducting XPS measurements. Many of the topics and questions addressed in this article also apply to other surface-analysis techniques.

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Application of quantitative X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) imaging: investigation of Ni‐Cr‐Mo alloys exposed to crevice corrosion solution

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Repassivation Behavior of Individual Grain Facets on Dilute Ni–Cr and Ni–Cr–Mo Alloys in Acidified Chloride Solution

Repassivation Behavior of Individual Grain Facets on Dilute Ni–Cr and Ni–Cr–Mo Alloys in Acidified Chloride Solution

XPS and SEM-EDX Study of Electrolyte Nature Effect on Li Electrode in Lithium Metal Batteries

Practical guides for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: First steps in planning, conducting, and reporting XPS measurements

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