Application of quantitative computed tomography for assessment of trabecular bone mineral density, microarchitecture and mechanical property

Abstract

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oOsteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, causing increased skeletal fragility characterized by a low bone mass and trabecular microarchitectural deterioration. Assessment of the bone mineral density (BMD) is the primary determinant of skeletal fragility. Computed tomography (CT)-based trabecular microarchitectural and mechanical assessments are important methods to evaluate the skeletal strength. In this review, we focus the feasibility of QCT BMD measurement using a calibration phantom or phantomless. The application of QCT could extend the bone mineral density assessment to all patients who underwent a heart, lung, whole-body, and as well as all routine clinical implications of CT scan.

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

“…The HU scale is an arbitrary assignment of CT attenuation based upon the x-ray attenuation of water (HU = 0) at a standard pressure and temperature. bone mineral density) [122,123]. There is an inherent variability in HUs between CT manufacturers, between different acquisitions on the same scanners over time and varying kilovoltage peak (kVp) used [119][120][121].…”

“…To counteract this problem, density phantoms are imaged concurrently to standardise and improve HU accuracy across multiple scans while also providing biologically meaningful data (e.g. bone mineral density) [122,123]. Therefore, imaging studies that report HUs but do not contain a density phantom should be interpreted as a relative change and not as absolute values reliably replicated.…”

Bone Mineral Density Estimations From Routine Multidetector Computed Tomography

“…5–7 The modality inherits a variety of advantages compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 8,9 the modality currently implemented in the World Health Organization definition of osteoporosis. 10 Because many patients undergo abdominal multidetector CT (MDCT) for clinical reasons, routine MDCT-derived measurements may lead to a redundancy of additional quantitative CT (QCT) scans and thus minimize radiation exposure and health care costs.…”

Design and Validation of Synchronous QCT Calibration Phantom: Practical Methodology

“…Other standard phantoms are also used, developed by Image Analysis (Columbia, KY) and Siemens Medical System (Erlangen, Germany). Those phantoms consist of a solid resin matrix as water equivalent and rods filled by a calcium material (K 2 HPO 4 or calcium hydroxyapatite [CaHA]) [5].…”