Application of PVD methods to solid oxide fuel cells

Solovyev, A. A.; Сочугов, Н. С.; Работкин, С. В.; Шипилова, А. В.; Ионов, И. В.; Ковальчук, А. Н.; Borduleva, Alena Olegovna

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.03.163

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Oblique angle deposition resulted in formation of highly porous anode thin films, crucial for achieving superior structural and electrical properties. The technique is very reproducible, straightforward, and well suited to scale-up, all sample preparations and analyses having been repeated at least twice [4,9]. The microstructure of films deposited on YSZ was examined by SEM using a Hitachi S4800 field emission microscope.…”

Section: Experimental: Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the MS-OAD method yields films with high and well-defined porosity [6e8]. This is an important asset in the present context in that such porous films have very extensive three-phase boundaries that maximize electrochemical performance in comparison to dense films produced by conventional normal incidence sputtering [9]. In regard to the synthesis of actual YSZ-Ni cermet anodes, both with and without Au doping, we show here that pre-calcination of the precursor films prior to reduction is critically important to the formation of wellstructured homogeneous films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, characterization and performance of robust poison-resistant ultrathin film yttria stabilized zirconia – nickel anodes for application in solid electrolyte fuel cells

García‐García

Yubero

Espinós

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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h i g h l i g h t sMagnetron sputtering is very effective for fabrication of Ni-YSZ thin film anodes. Films deposited at oblique angles have enhanced porosity compared to typical cermets. They possess an extensive three phase boundary and thus high electrical conductivity. Addition of Au greatly increases resistance to poisoning by carbon deposition. a b s t r a c tWe report on the synthesis of undoped~5 mm YSZ-Ni porous thin films prepared by reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering at an oblique angle of incidence. Pre-calcination of the amorphous unmodified precursor layers followed by reduction produces a film consisting of uniformly distributed tilted columnar aggregates having extensive three-phase boundaries and favorable gas diffusion characteristics. Similarly prepared films doped with 1.2 at.% Au are also porous and contain highly dispersed gold present as Ni-Au alloy particles whose surfaces are strongly enriched with Au. With hydrogen as fuel, the performance of the undoped thin film anodes is comparable to that of 10e20 times thicker typical commercial anodes. With a 1:1 steam/carbon feed, the un-doped anode cell current rapidly falls to zero after 60 h. In striking contrast, the initial performance of the Au-doped anode is much higher and remains unaffected after 170 h. Under deliberately harsh conditions the performance of the Au-doped anodes decreases progressively, almost certainly due to carbon deposition. Even so, the cell maintains some activity after 3 days operation in dramatic contrast with the un-doped anode, which stops working after only three hours of use. The implications and possible practical application of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Experimental: Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and performance of robust poison-resistant ultrathin film yttria stabilized zirconia – nickel anodes for application in solid electrolyte fuel cells

García‐García

Yubero

Espinós

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Sputtering was also carried out using a bipolar pulsed power supply. We have previously shown that the bipolar pulsed magnetron sputtering can significantly increase the deposition rate of oxide coatings, as compared with unipolar pulsed DC or DC mode [15].…”

Section: Methodology and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid oxide fuel cell anode surface modification by magnetron sputtering of NiO/YSZ thin film

Solovyev

Шипилова

Ионов

et al. 2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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IntroductionA ceramic-metal (cermet) composite of Ni and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most common anode material of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) operating at a temperature of 800-1000 °C. However, the desire to create a commercial SOFC requires to mitigate the problem, associated with a high operating temperature. In turn, the lower operating temperature would increase polarization of electrodes and ohmic resistance of electrolyte. The ohmic resistance can be decreased either by using ultra-thin electrolytes, or new materials with higher ionic conductivity at lower temperatures [1,2]. Polarization losses of the anode can be reduced by creating new alternative materials or by nanostructuring commonly used 4]. The second approach seems to be the most promising for improving the SOFC characteristics. First, conventional NiO/YSZ cermet is cheaper than other materials, chemically stable in a reducing atmosphere at high temperatures and has thermal expansion coefficient close to that of YSZ electrolyte [5]. Second, it is known that the electrochemical reaction at the anode occurs at a three-phase boundary (TPB), the area of contact between the metal, the electrolyte and the working gas. Therefore, the electrode reaction rate and, hence, its efficiency is determined by the TPB length. The formation of nanoporous anode structure will significantly increase the TPB length. At that, the nanostructuring of the whole anode substrate is not required, since the coarse anode facilitates the rapid diffusion of fuel gas to the active reaction area and removal of reaction products out from the anode [6]. Formation of the nanostructured anode functional layer

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“…Oblique angle deposition resulted in formation of highly porous thin film anodes, crucial for achieving superior structural and electrical properties. The technique is very reproducible, straightforward, and well suited to scale-up, all sample preparations and analyses having been repeated at least twice [8,18].…”

Section: Experimental: Synthesis and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The columnar anode architecture generated by this method provides excellent porosity and extensive triple-phase boundaries well suited to the intended application. Moreover, this microstructure in conjunction with the extreme thinness of the anodes (a few microns), allows them to accommodate interfacial strain far better than the corresponding dense thin film cermets [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance novel gadolinium doped ceria/yttria stabilized zirconia/nickel layered and hybrid thin film anodes for application in solid oxide fuel cells

García‐García

Beltrán

Yubero

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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Magnetron sputtering under oblique angle deposition was used to produce Ni-containing ultra thin film anodes comprising alternating layers of gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) of either 200 nm or 1000 nm thickness. The evolution of film structure from initial deposition, through calcination and final reduction was examined by XRD, SEM, TEM and TOF-SIMS. After subsequent fuel cell usage, the porous columnar architecture of the two-component layered thin film anodes was maintained and their resistance to delamination from the underlying YSZ electrolyte was superior to that of corresponding single component Ni-YSZ and Ni-GDC thin films. Moreover, the fuel cell performance of the 200 nm layered anodes compared favorably with conventional commercially available thick anodes. The observed dependence of fuel cell performance on individual layer thicknesses prompted study of equivalent but more easily fabricated hybrid anodes consisting of simultaneously deposited Ni-GDC and Ni-YSZ, which procedure resulted in exceptionally intimate mixing and interaction of the components. The hybrids exhibited very unusual and favorable I V characteristics, along with exceptionally high power densities at high currents. Their discovery is the principal contribution of the present work.

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Application of PVD methods to solid oxide fuel cells

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Synthesis, characterization and performance of robust poison-resistant ultrathin film yttria stabilized zirconia – nickel anodes for application in solid electrolyte fuel cells

Synthesis, characterization and performance of robust poison-resistant ultrathin film yttria stabilized zirconia – nickel anodes for application in solid electrolyte fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cell anode surface modification by magnetron sputtering of NiO/YSZ thin film

High performance novel gadolinium doped ceria/yttria stabilized zirconia/nickel layered and hybrid thin film anodes for application in solid oxide fuel cells

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