“…Project-based learning (PjBL) is a learning method that uses projects or activities as a medium that allow the learners to explore, evaluate, interpret, synthesize, and produce information in various forms of learning outcomes (Nurdin & Wahyudin, 2020;Syukriah et al, 2020). There are several reports on the advantages of PjBL, such as improving students' creativity and learning outcomes (Guo et al, 2020;Nurdin & Wahyudin, 2020), problem-solving abilities (Anazifa & Hadi, 2016;Choeriyah et al, 2021), and thinking skills (Lespita et al, 2023;Niswara et al, 2019;Suyatman et al, 2021;Viana et al, 2019). Moreover, PjBL is one of the learning models which is student-oriented and allows the students to learn independently in solving problems and to produce a real project or work (Niswara et al, 2019).…”