Application of PET Imaging in the Brain Regions of the Emotional Control Loop in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Li, Jing; Ouyang, Wenjun

doi:10.1155/2021/4505227

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A connection with memory complaints could therefore not be made. In contrast, prefrontal, anterior cingulate hypometabolism and mesial temporal hypermetabolism is mainly associated with anxiety and major depression [ 31 , 32 ]. Also, VS intensity differences may have played a role, as it is known that VSS represents a continuum in intensity, with higher intensity more likely to be associated with comorbidities such as tinnitus and migraine [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR metabolic and structural changes in visual snow syndrome and diagnostic use

et al. 2022

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Purpose Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a recently recognized chronic neurologic condition characterized by the constant perceiving of tiny flickering dots throughout the entire visual field. Metabolic overactivity and grey matter volume increase in the lingual gyrus has been reported. We investigated this by 18F-FDG PET/MR in comparison to healthy controls. Aside from voxel-based characterization, the classification accuracy of volume-of-interest (VOI)-based multimodal assessment was evaluated, also in comparison with visual analysis. Methods Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET and MR imaging was performed in 7 patients with VSS (24.6 ± 5.7 years; 5 M/2F) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (CON) (28.0 ± 5.3 years; 8 M/7F). SPM12 and voxel-based morphometric analysis was performed. A VOI-based discriminant analysis was performed with relative 18F-FDG uptake, MR grey matter (GM) volumes and their combination. A visual analysis was done by two blinded experienced readers. Results Relative increased hypermetabolism was found in VSS patients in the lingual gyrus and cuneus (pFWE < 0.05, peak change + 24%), and hypometabolism in the mesiotemporal cortex (pheight,uncorr < 0.001, peak change − 14%). VSS patients also had increased GM volume in the limbic system and frontotemporal cortex bilaterally (pFWE < 0.05), and in the left secondary and associative visual cortex and in the left lingual gyrus (pheight,uncorr < 0.001). Discriminant analysis resulted in 100% correct classification accuracy for 18F-FDG with lingual gyrus, cuneus and lateral occipital lobe (BA 17 and BA 18) as main discriminators. Unimodal MR- and combined 18F-FDG + MR classification resulted in an accuracy of 91% and 95%, respectively. Visual analysis of 18F-FDG was highly observer dependent. Conclusion Patients with VSS have highly significant structural and metabolic abnormalities in the visual and limbic system. VOI-based discriminant analysis of 18F-FDG PET allows reliable individual classification versus controls, whereas visual analysis of experienced observers was highly variable. Further investigation in larger series, also in comparison to VSS mimicking disorders such as migraine, is warranted. Trail registration: Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT05569733 on Oct 5, 2022.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR metabolic and structural changes in visual snow syndrome and diagnostic use

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, physical activity may also indirectly improve mood by enhancing executive function in two main biological hypotheses. The first, physical activity increases individual arousal levels, enhances cerebral blood perfusion (Klein et al, 2019), and promotes brain structure, especially gray matter integrity in the prefrontal and medial temporal regions (Hou et al, 2020), which in turn improves executive function, while activity in brain regions such as the anterior cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, hippocampus, and dorsolateral prefrontal lobes is associated with anxiety (Ren et al, 2017;Li and Ouyang, 2021). Secondly, physical exercise can increase brain neuroendocrine levels and stimulate the secretion of dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and other hormones in the brain (Cooper, 1973;Kruk et al, 2020), which are the main neurotransmitters affecting emotional states (Gosmann et al, 2021;Stubbendorff and Stevenson, 2021), thus improving individual executive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between physical activity and trait anxiety in college students: The mediating role of executive function

DONG

Wang

Xin

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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ObjectivesAimed to analyze the mediating effect of executive function between physical activity level and trait anxiety in college students.MethodsThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Stroop task, 1-back task, and More-odd shifting task were used to analyze 248 college students.ResultsTrait anxiety were significantly correlated with shifting function (r = 0.182, P = 0.004) and inhibition function (r = 0.163, P = 0.010) and not with working memory (r = 0.056, P = 0.385). Vigorous physical activity (VPA) was most highly correlated with inhibition function (Beta = −0.144, P = 0.024) and working memory (Beta = −0.208, P = 0.001), and light physical activity (LPA) was most highly correlated with shifting function (Beta = −0.211, P = 0.001). Physical activity had a 72.31% association with trait anxiety (B = −0.195), with 11.79% mediated by inhibition function (B = −0.023) and 15.90% by shifting function (B = −0.031).ConclusionCollege students' physical activity promotes both inhibition and shifting functions, which in turn affect trait anxiety. VPA had a direct effect, while the effect of moderate physical activity (MPA) and LPA was completely mediated exclusively through executive functions, and the mediating effect of shifting function was the highest. It is recommended that college workers should motivate students with high trait anxiety to engage in more VPA and pay attention to changes in their inhibition and shifting functions.

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“…Although a difference in patient type or comorbidity may be present, past recreational drug use and presence of anxiety/depression are not typically related to hypometabolism of the mesial temporal cortex. In contrast, prefrontal, anterior cingulate hypometabolism and mesial temporal hypermetabolism is mainly associated with anxiety and major depression [29,30]. Also, VS intensity differences may have played a role, as it is known that VSS represents a continuum in intensity, with higher intensity more likely to be associated with comorbidities such as tinnitus and migraine [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR metabolic and structural changes in visual snow syndrome and diagnostic use

Laere

Ceccarini

Gebruers

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a recently recognized chronic neurologic condition characterized by the constant perceiving of tiny flickering dots throughout the entire visual field. Metabolic overactivity and grey matter volume increase in the lingual gyrus has been reported. We investigated this by 18F-FDG PET/MR in comparison to healthy controls. Aside from voxel-based characterization, the classification accuracy of volume-of-interest (VOI) based multimodal assessment was evaluated, also in comparison with visual analysis. Methods Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET and MR imaging was performed in 7 patients with VSS (24.6 ± 5.7 yrs; 5M/2F) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (CON) (28.0 ± 5.3 yrs; 8M/7F). SPM12 and voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analysis was performed. A VOI-based discriminant analysis was performed with relative 18F-FDG uptake, MR grey matter (GM) volumes and their combination. A visual analysis was done by two blinded experienced readers. Results Relative increased hypermetabolism was found in VSS patients in the lingual gyrus and cuneus (pFWE<0.05, peak change + 24%), and hypometabolism in the mesiotemporal cortex (pheight,uncorr<0.001, peak change − 14%). VSS patients also had increased GM volume in the limbic system and frontotemporal cortex bilaterally (pFWE<0.05), and in the left secondary and associative visual cortex and in the left lingual gyrus (pheight,uncorr <0.001). Discriminant analysis resulted in 100% correct classification accuracy for 18F-FDG with lingual gyrus, cuneus and lateral occipital lobe (BA 17 and BA 18) as main discriminators. Unimodal MR- and combined 18F-FDG + MR classification resulted in an accuracy of 91% and 95%, respectively. Visual analysis of 18F-FDG was highly observer dependent. Conclusion Patients with VSS have highly significant structural and metabolic abnormalities in the visual and limbic system. VOI-based discriminant analysis of 18F-FDG PET allows reliable individual classification versus controls, whereas visual analysis of experienced observers was highly variable. Further investigation in larger series, also in comparison to VSS mimicking disorders such as migraine, is warranted. Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT05569733 on Oct 5, 2022.

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Application of PET Imaging in the Brain Regions of the Emotional Control Loop in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR metabolic and structural changes in visual snow syndrome and diagnostic use

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR metabolic and structural changes in visual snow syndrome and diagnostic use

The relationship between physical activity and trait anxiety in college students: The mediating role of executive function

Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR metabolic and structural changes in visual snow syndrome and diagnostic use

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