Application of PCR to the identification of dermatophyte fungi

Liu, D.; Coloe, S.; Baird, Robert W.; Pedersen, J.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-49-6-493

Cited by 109 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In some cases, morphological identification can be difficult or uncertain because there is considerable variation and pleomorphism among isolates of the same species. In the last decade, genotyping approaches have proven to be useful for solving problems of dermatophyte taxonomy, as well as enhancing the reliability and speed of dermatophytosis diagnosis (De Hoog et al, 1998;Faggi et al, 2001Faggi et al, , 2002Graser et al, 2006;Jousson et al, 2004;Kano et al, 2003;Kardjeva et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2000;Mochizuki et al, 1990Mochizuki et al, , 1999Ninet et al, 2003;Weitzman & Summerbell, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species included in this anthropo-zoophilic complex, which were first defined on the basis of morphological features and mating-type studies, have more recently been investigated using molecular methods, revealing an organization more complex than expected. These molecular approaches have been based primarily on the G+C content of chromosomal DNA (Davison et al, 1980), total DNA homology (Davison & Mackenzie, 1984), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (Mochizuki et al, 1990(Mochizuki et al, , 1996, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) (Liu et al, 2000), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Kac et al, 1999;Liu et al, 1997;Mochizuki et al, 1997) and PCR fingerprinting (Faggi et al, 2001;Graser et al, 1999b). More recently, sequence analysis of the rDNA regions (Graser et al, 1999a;Harmsen et al, 1995;Makimura et al, 1998Makimura et al, , 1999Mochizuki et al, 1999Mochizuki et al, , 2003 and, in particular, analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (Graser et al, 1999a;Makimura et al, 1998Makimura et al, , 1999Mochizuki et al, 1999), which appeared more suitable than the gene coding for the small-subunit rRNA (18S rRNA) (Harmsen et al, 1995), were used successfully to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships within the T. mentagrophytes complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic analysis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes human and animal isolates based on MnSOD and ITS sequence comparison

et al. 2007

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Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi able to infect keratinized tissues of human or animal origin. Among them, Trichophyton mentagrophytes is known to be a species complex composed of several species or variants, which occur in both human and animals. Since the T. mentagrophytes complex includes both anthropophilic and zoophilic pathogens, accurate molecular identification is a critical issue for comprehensive understanding of the clinical and epidemiological implications of the genetic heterogeneity of this complex. Here, 41 T. mentagrophytes isolates from either human patients (14 isolates) or animals (27 isolates) with dermatophytosis were prospectively isolated by culture and identified on morphological bases at the University Hospital Centres of Lille and Poitiers, and the Veterinary School of Alfort, respectively. The isolates were differentiated by DNA sequencing of the variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions flanking the 5.8S rDNA, and of the housekeeping gene encoding the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an enzyme which is involved in defence against oxidative stress and has previously provided interesting insight into both fungal taxonomy and phylogeny. ITS1-ITS2 regions and MnSOD sequences successfully differentiate between members of the T. mentagrophytes complex and the related species Trichophyton rubrum. Whatever the phylogenetic marker used, members of this complex were classified into two major clades exhibiting a similar topology, with a higher variability when the ITS marker was used. Relationships between ITS/MnSOD sequences and host origin, clinical pattern and phenotypic characteristics (macroscopic and microscopic morphologies) were analysed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes human and animal isolates based on MnSOD and ITS sequence comparison

et al. 2007

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“…Further identifi cation characteristics include nutritional requirements (vitamins and amino acids) and temperature tolerance, as well as urease production, alkaline production of bromocresol purple medium, in vitro hair perforation, etc,, [8,9]. Morphological and physiological characteristics can frequently vary; generally, the phenotypic features can be easily infl uenced by outside factors such as temperature variation, medium, and chemotherapy [10] and therefore strain identifi cation is often diffi cult. In the last few years genotypic approaches have proven to be useful for solving taxonomic problems regarding dermatophytes; in fact, genotypic differences are considered more stable and more precise than phenotypic characteristics [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphological and physiological characteristics can frequently vary; generally, the phenotypic features can be easily infl uenced by outside factors such as temperature variation, medium, and chemotherapy [10] and therefore strain identifi cation is often diffi cult. In the last few years genotypic approaches have proven to be useful for solving taxonomic problems regarding dermatophytes; in fact, genotypic differences are considered more stable and more precise than phenotypic characteristics [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular methods, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA [11], sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA [12], sequencing of protein-encoding genes, arbitrarily primed PCR [AP-PCR] [13], pan-dermatophyte nested PCR and PCR fi ngerprinting [14], have brought important progress in distinguishing between species and strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotyping and Molecular Characterization of Dermatophytes Isolates Collected from Clinical Samples

Sheikhi¹,

Saeed²,

Mirzaahmadi³

et al. 2017

Arch Pulmonol Respir Care

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Background: Detection of dermatophytes by microbiological method is sometimes problematic and some atypical microscopic or macroscopic morphology are non-detectable. Due to morphological similarity and existing intermediate forms and variants, unequivocally separating these dermatophytes is not always straightforward, and sampling appropriate isolates for research is often troublesome. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate use of sequencing chitin synthase 1 gene (CHS1) with conventional methods for identifi cation of dermatophytes species and we researched the genetic patterns of samples collected for general phylogenetic analysis. Material and Method:In the primary screening of 250 clinical samples by KOH microscopy method, 64 isolates has been detected as dermatophytes. All samples were cultured and amplifi ed by PCR Method and positive PCR samples have been sequenced. Clinical isolates (64/250) were analyzed by using sequencing gene CHS1 and genotyped by program DNAMAN and MEGA. Result:The all data were compared with the international database of national center for biotechnology information website. Based on reference sequences of different genotype strains, it was noted that most strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were misidentifi cations of Trichophyton interdigitale. Conclusion:This research demonstrated that nested PCR and sequencing can be considered as standard method for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Also research gives a fi rst result on genetic evolution of the Dermatophytes strains distributing in Iran. It may aid in the creation of a national database that will be a valuable support for further studies.

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Fungal Infections

Hay,

Ashbee

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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This chapter discusses the principles of medical mycology together with an introductory section on pathogenesis and the methods used to diagnose fungal infections. These are then set in the context of human fungal infections affecting the skin. The more common superficial mycoses such as dermatophyte and Candida infection are included together with the rarer subcutaneous mycoses such as sporotrichosis and the deep and systemic infections. The main HIV/AIDS‐related conditions are covered from diagnosis to treatment. The treatment regimens are summarized using simple algorithms and there is a useful glossary of the mycological terms used in the chapter.

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Application of PCR to the identification of dermatophyte fungi

Cited by 109 publications

References 15 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes human and animal isolates based on MnSOD and ITS sequence comparison

Phylogenetic analysis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes human and animal isolates based on MnSOD and ITS sequence comparison

Genotyping and Molecular Characterization of Dermatophytes Isolates Collected from Clinical Samples

Fungal Infections

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