Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer at Heading Stage Improves Rice Quality under Elevated Temperature during Grain‐Filling Stage

Dou, Zhi; Tang, She; Li, Ganghua; Liu, Zhenghui; Ding, Chengqiang; Chen, Lin; Wang, Shaohua

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.05.0350

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nitrogen application decreased the chalkiness of Shendao 47 at high N rates, but not for Jingyou 586. Decreased chalkiness in response to increasing N rates agrees with the findings of Zhou et al [21], and Dou et al [22]. According to morphological studies [23,24], chalk is a white opaque part formed from compound starch granules that are loosely packed with numerous air spaces.…”

Section: Appearance Qualitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…According to morphological studies [23,24], chalk is a white opaque part formed from compound starch granules that are loosely packed with numerous air spaces. Numerous studies on chalk occurrence have been performed in the past decades [22,23,25], and the mechanism of chalk formation has mainly been attributed to the accelerated filling rate during the grain-filling period, which results in loosely packed starch granules [26]. In the present study, the effect of N application on the percentage of chalky grains may be relevant to an assimilate deficit.…”

Section: Appearance Qualitymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Consistent with these reports, we observed that rice starch had a higher pasting temperature and a longer peak time under a high N rate for Jingyou 586. It is well known that amylopectin is the predominant component in rice starch, and its chain length distribution plays a vital role in rice cooking quality [22]. That rice-starch pasting temperature and peak time increased under a high N rate might be due to an increase in long chains, which need more water and time to cook.…”

Section: Cooking and Eating Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Density on Rice-Grain Quality

et al. 2018

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To achieve superior rice-grain quality, more emphasis has been placed on the genetic diversity of breeding programs, although this improvement could be seriously restricted in the absence of comparable agricultural management practices. Nitrogen (N) application and planting density are two important agronomic practices influencing rice growth, yield, and grain quality. This study investigated the four main aspects of rice-grain quality, namely, milling (brown-rice, milled-rice, and head-rice percentage), appearance (length/width ratio, chalky-kernel percentage, and chalkiness), nutrition (protein content), and cooking and eating quality (apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and pasting viscosities) of two rice cultivars (Shendao 47 and Jingyou 586) under four N rates (0, 140, 180, and 220 kg ha−1), and three planting densities (25 × 104, 16.7 × 104, and 12.5 × 104 hills ha−1) in a field trial from 2015 to 2016. The four main aspects of rice-grain quality were significantly influenced by cultivar. Several aspects were affected by the interactions of N rate and cultivar. No significant interaction between N rate and plating density was detected for all grain-quality parameters. A higher N rate increased the percentages of brown rice and head rice, chalky-kernel percentage, and setback and peak time values, but reduced the length/width ratio, chalkiness, apparent amylose content, gel consistency, and peak-, trough-, and final-viscosity values. These results indicate that the N rate has a beneficial effect on milling and nutritional quality, but a detrimental effect on appearance and cooking and eating quality. Jingyou 586 and Shendao 47 had different responses to planting density in terms of grain quality. Our study indicates that low planting density for Jingyou 586, but a medium one for Shendao 47, is favorable for grain quality.

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Section: Appearance Qualitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Appearance Qualitymentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Cooking and Eating Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Density on Rice-Grain Quality

et al. 2018

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“…Studies on rice reported that high N rates or late‐stage N application produced long amylopectin branches by reducing the activity of starch branching enzymes. However, another study showed that the distribution of amylopectin chain length was unaffected by N application rates . Although N application rates did not affect starch structure under favorable conditions, high N rates under water deficit conditions increased the proportion of short amylopectin branches in barley .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch

Wang

Wen

et al. 2019

Starch Stärke

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Appropriate nitrogen fertilization is essential for improving grain yield and starch quality, while reducing N fertilizer costs. The starch physicochemical properties of two waxy maize hybrids, namely, Suyunuo5 (SYN5) and Yunuo7 (YN7), under N rates of 0 (zero N application [N0]), 150 (low N rate [LN]), 225 (moderate N rate [MN]), and 300 (high N rate [HN]) kg ha -1 are elucidated. Grain starch content initially increases, peaks at MN, and decreases as N rate is increased. N fertilization reduces the starch granule size of YN7. The starch granule size of SYN5 increases under MN. SYN5 exhibits high short/long amylopectin chain ratios under LN and MN. The short/long amylopectin chain ratio of YN7 is unaffected by MN but is increases by LN and HN. The swelling power of YN7 is similar among different N levels, whereas that of SYN5 increases under N fertilization. N fertilization changes starch pasting and thermal properties. Starch with large granules exhibit high trough, final, and setback viscosities and gelatinization temperatures. Starch with high long-chain ratios is susceptible to retrogradation. In conclusion, appropriate N application (225 kg ha -1 for SYN5 and 150 kg ha -1 for YN7) favors starch accumulation, and starch has high viscosity and low retrogradation tendency.

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“…To reveal the filling characteristics of superior and inferior grains, previous studies have been conducted on plant hormones, enzymes related to grain filling, substance metabolism in the endosperm and starch structure, proteomics, and gene expression differences between superior and inferior paddy rice grains (Nakamura, Yuki, Park, & Ohya, 1989;Nakamura & Yuki, 1992;Xie, Yang, Wang, & Zhu, 2001;Yang, Zhang, Wang, Zhu, & Wang, 2001;Yang, Cao, Zhang, Liu, & Zhang, 2008;Qin, Wang, Hu, & Li, 2010;Wang, Xu, Wang, Yang, & Zhang, 2012;Dong et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Anyaoha et al, 2018). Researchers also clarified the effects of the sowing date, temperature, light, water management, and nitrogen, and its combination on grain-filling characteristics and rice quality (Dou et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2018;Yin et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2012). All of the above studies examined grain filling and the quality of paddy rice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dry cultivation on grain‐filling and chalky grains of upland rice and paddy rice

Zhang

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2020

Food and Energy Security

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An important challenge facing rice production in China is to solve the problem of declining freshwater supply without affecting grain yield and quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cultivation methods on the grain‐filling and chalk grains of Zhonghan 3 (Japonica) upland rice and Wuxiangjing 99–8 (Japonica) paddy rice. Both cultivars were cultivated in fields under three cultivation methods: continuous flooding (CF) as a control, bare dry cultivation (BC), and plastic film mulching dry cultivation (PFMC). Compared with CF, the yield of the upland rice decreased significantly, and the yield of paddy rice did not differ significantly under PFMC. The yields of both cultivars decreased significantly under BC. Superior and inferior grains of the two cultivars under PFMC had a greater mean grain‐filling rate (G) and a shorter active grain‐filling time (D). Under PFMC, the two cultivars had a higher export translocation rate of the matter from the stem and sheath and a slower decrease of the chlorophyll content in the flag leaves and nitrogen content in the plants after heading. Upland rice had a higher grain weight, and paddy rice had a lower grain weight compared to CF. The chalkiness of the two cultivars was significantly lower under dry cultivation than under CF. The correlation analysis showed that the percentage of chalky grains was negatively correlated with G and positively correlated with D, indicating that dry cultivation could improve the grain‐filling rate and appearance quality of the two cultivars.

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Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer at Heading Stage Improves Rice Quality under Elevated Temperature during Grain‐Filling Stage

Cited by 65 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Density on Rice-Grain Quality

Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Rate, and Planting Density on Rice-Grain Quality

Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch

The effects of dry cultivation on grain‐filling and chalky grains of upland rice and paddy rice

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