“…13,16 NTD involves packing a specic amount of absorbent inside a small needle, enabling the trapping and qualitative/quantitative iden-tication of analytes in air samples. NTDs are inexpensive, robust, reusable, and suitable for single-step sampling [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from different matrices. Their user-friendly operation and ability to detect low concentrations of organic compounds have garnered signicant attention from scientists worldwide.…”
“…13,16 NTD involves packing a specic amount of absorbent inside a small needle, enabling the trapping and qualitative/quantitative iden-tication of analytes in air samples. NTDs are inexpensive, robust, reusable, and suitable for single-step sampling [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from different matrices. Their user-friendly operation and ability to detect low concentrations of organic compounds have garnered signicant attention from scientists worldwide.…”
“…The LOD and LOQ for n-hexane in the packed needle (containing 5 mg carbon aerogel) were 12 and 40 ng/sample, respectively. The packed needle used by Jalili, Zendehdel, Bahramian, and Barkhordari (2019) for n-hexane evaluation and n-hexane vapors was detectable by inside-tube SPME in the level lower than the packed needle.…”
Monitoring the trace amount of chemicals in various samples remains a challenge. This study was conducted to develop a new solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) system (inside‐tube SPME) for trace analysis of n‐hexane in air and urine matrix. The inside‐tube SPME system was prepared based on the phase separation technique. A mixture of carbon aerogel and polystyrene was loaded inside the needle using methanol as the anti‐solvent. The air matrix of n‐hexane was prepared in a Tedlar bag, and n‐hexane vapor was sampled at a flow rate of 0.1 L/min. Urine samples spiked with n‐hexane were used to simulate the sampling method. The limit of detection using the inside‐tube SPME was 0.0003 μg/sample with 2.5 mg of adsorbent, whereas that using the packed needle was 0.004 μg/sample with 5 mg of carbon aerogel. For n‐hexane analysis, the day‐to‐day and within‐day coefficient variation were lower than 1.37%, with recoveries over 98.41% achieved. The inside‐tube SPME is an inter‐link device between two sample preparation methods, namely, a needle trap device and an SPME system. The result of this study suggested the use of the inside‐tube SPME containing carbon aerogel (adsorbent) as a simple and fast method with low cost for n‐hexane evaluation.
“…To date, diverse advanced materials have been used as sorbents for SPME, such as mesoporous materials [7][8][9], metal nanomaterials [10][11][12], graphene [13][14][15], ionic liquids [16,17], metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [18], covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [19,20], aerogels [21], and so on. Among these materials, aerogels as new nanomaterials have received extensive attention of researchers from different fields because of attractive merits, such as three-dimensional (3D) network, high porosities (80-98%), low density (0.37-0.87 g/cm 3 ), controllable pore structures, large specific surface (1100 m 2 /g), and outstanding thermal and mechanical properties [22][23][24]. Our group also reported some works about aerogels, such as inorganic aerogel (silica aerogel) [25], organic aerogel (melamine-formaldehyde aerogel) [26], as well as some modified aerogels [27][28][29][30][31][32], and satisfactory extraction results were achieved.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among these materials, aerogels as new nanomaterials have received extensive attention of researchers from different fields because of attractive merits, such as three‐dimensional (3D) network, high porosities (80–98%), low density (0.37–0.87 g/cm 3 ), controllable pore structures, large specific surface (1100 m 2 /g), and outstanding thermal and mechanical properties [22–24]. Our group also reported some works about aerogels, such as inorganic aerogel (silica aerogel) [25], organic aerogel (melamine‐formaldehyde aerogel) [26], as well as some modified aerogels [27–32], and satisfactory extraction results were achieved.…”
A facile method was introduced for preparing a biocharcoal aerogel, which was derived from pomelo peel as the only raw material. The inner spongy layer of pomelo peel was freeze-dried for maintaining three-dimensional structure and then carbonized under high temperature and oxygen-limited conditions. The morphological structure and graphitization degree of biocharcoal aerogel were characterized using a scanning electron microscope and Raman spectrum. After sifting and grinding, the biocharcoal aerogel as an adsorbent was coated onto the surface of stainless steel wires. Through placing the wires into a polyetheretherketone tube, the in-tube solid-phase microextraction device was obtained. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, it exhibited good extraction performance for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, then an online analytical method was established with low limits of detection (0.005-0.050 ng/mL), wide linear ranges (0.017-15 ng/mL) with superior correlation coefficients higher than 0.9990, high enrichment factors (1128-3425), and acceptable intra-and inter-day repeatabilities (relative standard deviations ≤ 6.7%, n = 3). The method was applied to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottled water samples, environmental water samples, and soft drinks with satisfactory recoveries (83.3-120.9%). This research not only developed a new carbon aerogel but also evaluated its adsorption performance in sample preparation.
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